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Column chromatography in chemistry is a chromatography method used to isolate a single chemical compound from a mixture. Chromatography is able to separate substances based on differential absorption of compounds to the adsorbent; compounds move through the column at different rates, allowing them to be separated into fractions.
In analytical and organic chemistry, elution is the process of extracting one material from another by washing with a solvent: washing of loaded ion-exchange resins to remove captured ions, or eluting proteins or other biopolymers from a gel electrophoresis or chromatography column. In a liquid chromatography experiment, for example, an analyte ...
Eluent (sometimes spelled eluant) – the solvent or solvent fixure used in elution chromatography and is synonymous with mobile phase. [11] Eluate – the mixture of solute (see Eluite) and solvent (see Eluent) exiting the column. [11] Effluent – the stream flowing out of a chromatographic column.
Narrow-bore columns (1–2 mm) are used for applications when more sensitivity is desired either with special UV-vis detectors, fluorescence detection or with other detection methods like liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Capillary columns (under 0.3 mm) are used almost exclusively with alternative detection means such as mass spectrometry.
For larger-scale purification and isolation, TLC is useful to quickly test solvent mixtures before running flash column chromatography on a large batch of impure material. [ 13 ] [ 23 ] A compound elutes from a column when the amount of solvent collected is equal to 1/ R f . [ 24 ]
Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) [1] is a type of size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), that separates high molecular weight or colloidal analytes on the basis of size or diameter, typically in organic solvents. The technique is often used for the analysis of polymers. As a technique, SEC was first developed in 1955 by Lathe and Ruthven. [2]
A separatory funnel used for liquid–liquid extraction, as evident by the two immiscible liquids.. Liquid–liquid extraction, also known as solvent extraction and partitioning, is a method to separate compounds or metal complexes, based on their relative solubilities in two different immiscible liquids, usually water (polar) and an organic solvent (non-polar).
Multicolumn countercurrent solvent gradient purification (MCSGP) is a form of chromatography that is used to separate or purify biomolecules from complex mixtures. It was developed at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich by Aumann and Morbidelli. [ 1 ]
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