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The exact mechanism regulating this glucocorticoid sensitivity lies in the Bcl-2 gene. [33] Glucocorticoids also suppress the humoral immunity, thereby causing a humoral immune deficiency. Glucocorticoids cause B cells to express smaller amounts of IL-2 and of IL-2 receptors. This diminishes both B cell clone expansion and antibody synthesis ...
When glucocorticoids bind to GR, its primary mechanism of action is the regulation of gene transcription. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] The unbound receptor resides in the cytosol of the cell. After the receptor is bound to glucocorticoid, the receptor-glucocorticoid complex can take either of two paths.
Glucocorticoids such as cortisol affect carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism, and have anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, anti-proliferative, and vasoconstrictive effects. [2] Anti-inflammatory effects are mediated by blocking the action of inflammatory mediators (transrepression) and inducing anti-inflammatory mediators ...
Topical glucocorticoids are the topical forms of glucocorticoids. Topical glucocorticoids are used in the treatment of many skin conditions. They provide anti-inflammatory, antimitotic, and immune-system suppressing actions through various mechanisms. [1] Hydrocortisone cream is a type of topical glucocorticoid that is commonly found on the market.
Triamcinolone is a glucocorticoid used to treat certain skin diseases, allergies, and rheumatic disorders among others. [6] It is also used to prevent worsening of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). [6] It can be taken in various ways including by mouth, injection into a muscle, and inhalation. [6]
The main mechanism of glucocorticoids' anti-inflammatory effects is to increase the synthesis and function of annexin A1. [8] Annexin A1 both suppresses phospholipase A2 , thereby blocking eicosanoid production, and inhibits various leukocyte inflammatory events ( epithelial adhesion , emigration , chemotaxis , phagocytosis , respiratory burst ...
The combined abbreviation of selective glucocorticoid receptor agonist and modulator is SEGRAM. [2] A number of such ligands have been developed and are being evaluated in preclinical and clinical testing. SEGRAMs achieve their selectivity by triggering only a subset the glucocorticoid receptor mechanisms of action. [3] [4]
The first identified mechanisms of steroid hormone action were the genomic effects. [12] In this pathway, the free hormones first pass through the cell membrane because they are fat soluble. [7] In the cytoplasm, the steroid may or may not undergo an enzyme-mediated alteration such as reduction, hydroxylation, or aromatization.