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The study of algebra, the name of which is derived from the Arabic word meaning completion or "reunion of broken parts", [6] flourished during the Islamic golden age. Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi , a Persian scholar in the House of Wisdom in Baghdad was the founder of algebra, is along with the Greek mathematician Diophantus , known as the ...
This is a list of Islamic texts.The religious texts of Islam include the Quran (the central text), several previous texts (considered by Muslims to be previous revelations from Allah), including the Tawrat revealed to the prophets and messengers amongst the Children of Israel, the Zabur revealed to Dawud and the Injil (the Gospel) revealed to Isa (), and the hadith (deeds and sayings ...
Subsequently, the word has evolved in meaning and now usually denotes a Muslim woman's veil. [2] In English, the term refers predominantly to the head covering for women and its underlying religious precepts. [3] [4] Not all Muslims believe the hijab is mandated in Islam. [5] [6] [7]
Whether temporary marriage, which was a pre-Islamic Arabic tradition and was widely practiced among Muslims during the lifetime of Muhammad, was abolished in Islam is also an area where Sunni and Shiite understandings conflict as well as the translation / interpretation of the related verse Quran 4:24 and ethical-religious problems regarding it.
[7] [8] In Islamic culture, the patterns are believed to be the bridge to the spiritual realm, the instrument to purify the mind and the soul. [9] David Wade [b] states that "Much of the art of Islam, whether in architecture, ceramics, textiles or books, is the art of decoration – which is to say, of transformation."
[10] Muslims believe that Islam is the complete and universal version of a primordial faith that was revealed many times through earlier prophets and messengers, including Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, and Jesus. Muslims consider the Quran to be the verbatim word of God and the unaltered, final revelation.
ʿIlm al-Kalām (Arabic: علم الكلام, literally "science of discourse"), [5] usually foreshortened to kalām and sometimes called "Islamic scholastic theology" or "speculative theology", is a rational undertaking born out of the need to establish and defend the tenets of Islamic faith against doubters and detractors. [27]
It was historically used by Abu Muslim in his uprising leading to the Abbasid Revolution in 747 and is also associated with the Abbasid Caliphate. It is also a symbol and is associated with Islamic eschatology (heralding the advent of the Mahdi). [Note 1] The Black Banner, which is different from the flag used by ISIL. Scholars have interpreted ...