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The effect was originally proposed by Fritz Sauter in 1931 [1] and further important work was carried out by Werner Heisenberg and Hans Heinrich Euler in 1936, [2] though it was not until 1951 that Julian Schwinger gave a complete theoretical description. [3] The Schwinger effect can be thought of as vacuum decay in the presence of an electric ...
Lenard effect (physics) Lense–Thirring effect (effects of gravitation) (tests of general relativity) Leveling effect (chemistry) Levels-of-processing effect (educational psychology) (psychology) (psychological theories) Liquid Sky (effect) (lasers) (stage lighting) Little–Parks effect (condensed matter physics) Lockin effect (physics)
In chemistry and physics, cohesion (from Latin cohaesiō 'cohesion, unity'), also called cohesive attraction or cohesive force, is the action or property of like molecules sticking together, being mutually attractive.
In physics, a unified field theory (UFT) is a type of field theory that allows all fundamental forces and elementary particles to be written in terms of a single type of field. According to modern discoveries in physics, forces are not transmitted directly between interacting objects but instead are described and interpreted by intermediary ...
The effect of the sigma electron displacement towards the more electronegative atom by which one end becomes positively charged and the other end negatively charged is known as the inductive effect. The -I effect is a permanent effect & generally represented by an arrow on the bond. [citation needed]
In quantum field theory, the Casimir effect (or Casimir force) [1] is a physical force acting on the macroscopic boundaries of a confined space which arises from the quantum fluctuations of a field. The term Casimir pressure is sometimes used when it is described in units of force per unit area.
In chemistry and physics, the exchange interaction is a quantum mechanical constraint on the states of indistinguishable particles.While sometimes called an exchange force, or, in the case of fermions, Pauli repulsion, its consequences cannot always be predicted based on classical ideas of force. [1]
Field effect on a carbonyl arising from the formal charge on N in a quaternary ammonium salt. A field effect is the polarization of a molecule through space. The effect is a result of an electric field produced by charge localization in a molecule. [1]