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Extrinsic emotion regulation efforts by caregivers, including situation selection, modification, and distraction, are particularly important for infants. [73] The emotion regulation strategies employed by caregivers to attenuate distress or to up-regulate positive affect in infants can impact the infants' emotional and behavioral development ...
Caregivers use strategies such as distraction and sensory input (e.g., rocking, stroking) to regulate infants’ emotions. Despite a reliance on caregivers to change the intensity, duration, and frequency of emotions, infants are capable of engaging in self-regulation strategies as young as 4 months.
Early experiences with caregivers can lead to differences in emotional regulation. The responsiveness of a caregiver to an infant's signals can help an infant regulate their emotional systems. Caregiver interaction styles that overwhelm a child or that are unpredictable may undermine emotional regulation development.
In addition, children who have increased levels of cortisol, during daycare or nursery school time, experience extreme hardship upholding attention. [25] Maintaining attention is a part of self-regulation, and these children are not able to regulate their behaviors due to the high cortisol levels. [25]
Co-regulation has been identified as a critical precursor for emotional self-regulation.Infants have instinctive regulatory behaviors, such as gaze redirection, body re-positioning, self-soothing, distraction, problem solving, and venting, [3] but the most effective way for an infant to regulate distress is to seek out help from a caregiver.
Carolyn Ingrid Saarni (May 13, 1945 – June 5, 2015) was a developmental psychologist known for groundbreaking research on children's development of emotional competence and emotional self-regulation, [1] and the role of parental influence in emotional socialization. [2]
The Interpersonal World of the Infant (1985) is one of the most prominent works of psychoanalyst Daniel N. Stern, in which he describes the development of four interrelated senses of self. [1] These senses of self develop over the lifespan, but make significant developmental strides during sensitive periods in the first two years of life.
He is known for his research on the development of emotional self-regulation in children. [2] ... Stress and the development of self-regulation in context. Child ...