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The isoelectric point (pI, pH(I), IEP), is the pH at which a molecule carries no net electrical charge or is electrically neutral in the statistical mean. The standard nomenclature to represent the isoelectric point is pH(I). [1] However, pI is also used. [2] For brevity, this article uses pI.
In chemistry, π-effects or π-interactions are a type of non-covalent interaction that involves π systems.Just like in an electrostatic interaction where a region of negative charge interacts with a positive charge, the electron-rich π system can interact with a metal (cationic or neutral), an anion, another molecule and even another π system. [1]
Ethylene (ethene), a small organic molecule containing a pi bond, shown in green.. In chemistry, pi bonds (π bonds) are covalent chemical bonds, in each of which two lobes of an orbital on one atom overlap with two lobes of an orbital on another atom, and in which this overlap occurs laterally.
Some of the first studies on the cation–π interaction involved looking at the interactions of charged, nitrogenous molecules in cyclophane host–guest chemistry. It was found that even when anionic solubilizing groups were appended to aromatic host capsules, cationic guests preferred to associate with the π-system in many cases.
The digits of pi extend into infinity, and pi is itself an irrational number, meaning it can’t be truly represented by an integer fraction (the one we often learn in school, 22/7, is not very ...
Archimedes' constant (more commonly just called Pi), the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter; the prime-counting function; the state distribution of a Markov chain; in reinforcement learning, a policy function defining how a software agent behaves for each possible state of its environment; a type of covalent bond in chemistry
In chemistry, pi stacking (also called π–π stacking) refers to the presumptive attractive, noncovalent pi interactions (orbital overlap) between the pi bonds of aromatic rings. [1] According to some authors direct stacking of aromatic rings (the "sandwich interaction") is electrostatically repulsive.
In chemistry, π backbonding is a π-bonding interaction between a filled (or half filled) orbital of a transition metal atom and a vacant orbital on an adjacent ion or molecule. [1] [2] In this type of interaction, electrons from the metal are used to bond to the ligand, which dissipates excess negative charge and stabilizes the metal.