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Visual or digital interpretation of the output image/raster created is similar to NDVI: -1 to 0 - Bright surface with no vegetation or water content +1 - represent water content; For the second variant of the NDWI, another threshold can also be found in [20] that avoids creating false alarms in urban areas: < 0.3 - Non-water >= 0.3 - Water.
In parallel, NASA developed the Earth Resources Technology Satellite (ERTS), which became the precursor to the Landsat program. These early sensors had minimal spectral resolution, but tended to include bands in the red and near-infrared, which are useful to distinguish vegetation and clouds, amongst other targets.
[98] [99] Google Earth Engine has become a platform that makes Landsat and Sentinel-2 data easily accessible to researchers in collaboration with the Google Cloud Storage. [98] Google Earth Engine provides a data catalog along with computers for analysis; this allows scientists to collaborate using data, algorithms, and visualizations. [100]
Sentinel-2 is an Earth observation mission from the Copernicus Programme that acquires optical imagery at high spatial resolution (10 m to 60 m) over land and coastal waters. The mission's Sentinel-2A and Sentinel-2B satellites were joined in orbit in 2024 by a third, Sentinel-2C, and in the future by Sentinel-2D, eventually replacing the A and ...
Landsat 1 (LS-1), formerly named ERTS-A and ERTS-1, was the first satellite of the United States' Landsat program. It was a modified version of the Nimbus 4 meteorological satellite and was launched on July 23, 1972, by a Delta 900 rocket from Vandenberg Air Force Base in California .
6- monthly NDVI average for Australia, 1 Dec 2012 to 31 May 2013 [1]. A vegetation index (VI) is a spectral imaging transformation of two or more image bands designed to enhance the contribution of vegetation properties and allow reliable spatial and temporal inter-comparisons of terrestrial photosynthetic activity and canopy structural variations.
During talks with the Indian government, Google issued a statement saying "Google has been talking and will continue to talk to the Indian government about any security concerns it may have regarding Google Earth." [4] Google agreed to blur images on request of the Indian government. [1]
Follow on to Landsat-7 with improved imager OLI and thermal sensor TIRS. Landsat-9: Active NASA and USGS 2021 Follow on to Landsat-8 with OLI sensor and thermal sensor TIRS-2. Landsat-9 will extend the Landsat program to maintain the time series of these type of data. Megha-Tropiques: Active CNES and ISRO: 2011 Meteor-M No. 1 and 2: Active ...