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HLA-B27 is the most researched HLA-B allele due to its high relationship with spondyloarthropathies. Although it is not apparent how HLA-B27 promotes disease, theories exist and can be divided between antigen-dependent and antigen-independent categories. [13]
HLA region of Chromosome 6. The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system is a complex of genes on chromosome 6 in humans that encode cell-surface proteins responsible for regulation of the immune system. [1] The HLA system is also known as the human version of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) found in many animals. [2]
Closely related alleles are categorized together; for example, at least 28 very similar alleles are subtypes of HLA-B27. These subtypes are designated as HLA-B*2701 to HLA-B*2728. The HLA-B gene is located on the short (p) arm of chromosome 6 at cytoband 21.3, from base pair 31,353,871 to 31,357,211 [3]
Among the genetic factors that may influence ankylosing spondylitis, the HLA-B27 gene accounts for about thirty percent of the overall genetic risk, per the National Library of Medicine. The ...
All alleles start with "HLA", signifying they are part of the human MHC genes. The next portion (HLA-A or HLA-B) identifies which gene the allele is a modification of. The first two numbers (HLA-A*02) signifies what antigen type that particular allele is, which typically signifies the serological antigen present. [3]
[2] [6] Ankylosing spondylitis is believed to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors. [2] More than 90% of people affected in the UK have a specific human leukocyte antigen known as the HLA-B27 antigen. [7] The underlying mechanism is believed to be autoimmune or autoinflammatory. [8]
HLA-B27 is an example. It is unclear how exactly having the HLA-B27 tissue type increases the risk of ankylosing spondylitis and other associated inflammatory diseases, but mechanisms involving aberrant antigen presentation or T cell activation have been hypothesized.
Reactive arthritis is primarily caused by gastrointestinal pathogens, genitourinary and respiratory infections, and genetic variables. [3] HLA-B27, a polymorphic form of the HLA-B molecule, is found in up to 95% of those who are European and have spondylitis, 70% having reactive arthritis, 60% with psoriatic spondylitis, 25% with peripheral ...
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