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Coin of Pescennius Niger, a Roman usurper who claimed imperial power AD 193–194. Legend: IMP CAES C PESC NIGER IVST AVG. While the imperial government of the Roman Empire was rarely called into question during its five centuries in the west and fifteen centuries in the east, individual emperors often faced unending challenges in the form of usurpation and perpetual civil wars. [30]
Roman dictators were usually appointed for a specific purpose, or causa, which limited the scope of their activities.The chief causae were rei gerundae (a general purpose, usually to lead an army in the field against a particular enemy), clavi figendi (an important religious rite involving the driving of a nail into the wall of the Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus), and comitiorum habendorum ...
C. Julius Caesar II P. Servilius Isauricus: 47 Q. Fufius Calenus: P. Vatinius: 46 C. Julius Caesar III M. Aemilius Lepidus: 45 C. Julius Caesar IV sine collega: suff. Q. Fabius Maximus (from 1 October) C. Trebonius (from 1 October) suff. C. Caninius Rebilus (31 December) 44 C. Julius Caesar V M. Antonius: suff. P. Cornelius Dolabella (after 15 ...
Caesar's Civil War: Julius Caesar illegally crossed the Rubicon into Italy with his army. 48 BC: 4 January: Caesar's Civil War: Caesar landed at Durrës in pursuit of Pompey and his partisans the optimates. 46 BC: November: Caesar left Africa for Iberia in pursuit of Pompey's sons Gnaeus Pompeius and Sextus Pompey. 44 BC: 15 March
Roman generals were general officers of the Roman army, the principle ground force of Ancient Rome. They commanded the army during the numerous military conflicts Rome was involved in during the period of classical antiquity .
Conversely, the majority of Roman writers, including Pliny the Younger, Suetonius and Appian, as well as most of the ordinary people of the Empire, thought of Julius Caesar as the first emperor. [7] Caesar did indeed rule the Roman state as an autocrat, but he failed to create a stable system to maintain himself in power. [8]
After Julius Caesar's assassination in 44 BC, his ally Marcus Aemilius Lepidus was selected as pontifex maximus. Though Lepidus eventually fell out of political favor and was sent into exile as Augustus consolidated power, he retained the priestly office until his death in 13/12 BC, at which point Augustus was selected to succeed him and given ...
When in February 44 Caesar was elected dictator for life by the Senate, he made Lepidus magister equitum for the second time. [7] The brief alliance in power of Caesar and Lepidus came to a sudden end when Caesar was assassinated on March 15, 44 (the Ides of March). Caesar had dined at Lepidus's house the night before his murder.