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Sleep apnea is a sleep-related breathing disorder in which repetitive pauses in breathing, periods of shallow breathing, or collapse of the upper airway during sleep results in poor ventilation and sleep disruption. [10] [11] Each pause in breathing can last for a few seconds to a few minutes and occurs many times a night. [1]
Disorders in this chapter were previously classified under disorders usually first diagnosed in infancy, childhood, or adolescence in DSM-IV. Now it is an independent classification in DSM 5. Sleep–wake disorders "Sleep disorders related to another mental disorder, and sleep disorders related to a general medical condition" were deleted.
Sleep disorder. A sleep disorder, or somnipathy, is a medical disorder of an individual's sleep patterns. Some sleep disorders are severe enough to interfere with normal physical, mental, social and emotional functioning. Sleep disorders are frequent and can have serious consequences on patients' health and quality of life. [1]
Neurology. Central sleep apnea ( CSA) or central sleep apnea syndrome ( CSAS) is a sleep -related disorder in which the effort to breathe is diminished or absent, typically for 10 to 30 seconds either intermittently or in cycles, and is usually associated with a reduction in blood oxygen saturation.
Obstructive sleep apnea ( OSA) is the most common sleep-related breathing disorder and is characterized by recurrent episodes of complete or partial obstruction of the upper airway leading to reduced or absent breathing during sleep. These episodes are termed "apneas" with complete or near-complete cessation of breathing, or "hypopneas" when ...
Classification of sleep disorders, as developed in the 19th century, used primarily three categories: insomnia, hypersomnia and nightmare. In the 20th century, increasingly in the last half of it, technological discoveries led to rapid advances in the understanding of sleep and recognition of sleep disorders. Major sleep disorders were defined ...
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( DSM; latest edition: DSM-5-TR, published in March 2022 [1]) is a publication by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) for the classification of mental disorders using a common language and standard criteria. It is the main book for the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders ...
Apnea, BrE: apnoea, [1] is the temporary cessation of breathing. During apnea, there is no movement of the muscles of inhalation, [citation needed] and the volume of the lungs initially remains unchanged. Depending on how blocked the airways are ( patency ), there may or may not be a flow of gas between the lungs and the environment.