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While the tiny creatures prompt fear or disgust in many, their decline is worrying news for ecosystems, the scientists say.
Disease is a serious threat to many coral species. The diseases of coral may consist of bacterial, viral, fungal, or parasitic infections. Due to stressors like climate change and pollution, coral can become more vulnerable to diseases. Some examples of coral disease are Vibrio, white syndrome, white band, rapid wasting disease, and many more. [84]
Parasites will also use their hosts for more effective dispersal throughout the ocean. By infecting semi-mobile hosts, such as phytoplankton that drift in the ocean, and reproducing within them, parasites can be released into new regions by lysing host cells or through the release of spores, to then continue their life cycle in new hosts.
In the ocean, animal–microbial relationships were historically explored in single host–symbiont systems. However, new explorations into the diversity of marine microorganisms associating with diverse marine animal hosts is moving the field into studies that address interactions between the animal host and a more multi-member microbiome .
Climate change causes sea ice to melt, transforming the Arctic from an icy desert into an open ocean. Polar bears and seals may lose their habitats, phytoplankton growth may increase and fuel the Arctic food web , which may lead to higher carbon burial rates and possibly decrease the amount of CO 2 in the atmosphere.
The color of the ocean has changed significantly over the last 20 years and human-caused climate change is likely responsible, according to a new study.. More than 56% of the world’s oceans have ...
Climate change and increasing temperatures will also impact the health of wildlife animals as well. Specifically, climate change will impact wildlife disease, specifically affecting "geographic range and distribution of wildlife diseases, plant and animal phenology, wildlife host-pathogen interactions, and disease patterns in wildlife". [96]
Climate Change and Ocean Acidification [ edit ] As CO 2 concentrations in the atmosphere increase via anthropogenic causes, acidification of the ocean will increase as the result of increasing CO 2 sequestration by the ocean; the ocean is a great sink for carbon, absorbing more as its concentration in the atmosphere increases. [ 15 ]