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In computer programming and software design, code refactoring is the process of restructuring existing source code—changing the factoring—without changing its external behavior. Refactoring is intended to improve the design, structure, and/or implementation of the software (its non-functional attributes), while preserving its functionality .
Rule of three ("Three strikes and you refactor") is a code refactoring rule of thumb to decide when similar pieces of code should be refactored to avoid duplication. It states that two instances of similar code do not require refactoring, but when similar code is used three times, it should be extracted into a new procedure.
Code can be divided into many small sections, wrapped with the strangler fig pattern, then that section of old code can be swapped out with new code before moving on to the next section. This is less risky and more incremental than swapping out the entire piece of software.
From the point of view of a programmer charged with performing refactoring, code smells are heuristics to indicate when to refactor, and what specific refactoring techniques to use. Thus, a code smell is a driver for refactoring. Factors such as the understandability of code, how easy it is to be modified, the ease in which it can be enhanced ...
Test-driven development (TDD) is a way of writing code that involves writing an automated unit-level test case that fails, then writing just enough code to make the test pass, then refactoring both the test code and the production code, then repeating with another new test case.
In software engineering, the Extract Class refactoring is applied when a class becomes overweight with too many methods and its purpose becomes unclear. Extract Class refactoring involves creating a new class and moving methods and/or data to the new class.
This beckons as another opportunity for refactoring to be used in order to improve the quality of the code. Refactoring to eliminate data clumps does not need to be done by hand. Many modern fully featured IDEs have functionality (often labeled as "Extract Class") that is capable of performing this refactoring automatically or nearly so. This ...
Write code: The programmers write just enough production code so the new test will pass. Run test: The unit tests are executed to verify that the new production code passes the new test, and that no other tests are failing. Refactor: Remove any code smells from both the production and test code.