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Vaishnavism is centred on the devotion of Vishnu and his avatars. According to Schweig, it is a "polymorphic monotheism, i.e. a theology that recognises many forms (ananta rupa) of the one, single unitary divinity," since there are many forms of one original deity, with Vishnu taking many forms. [78]
[83] The text equates Vishnu to all knowledge there is (Vedas), calling the essence of everything as imperishable, all Vedas and principles of universe as imperishable, and that this imperishable which is Vishnu is the all. [83] Vishnu is described to be permeating all object and life forms, states S. Giora Shoham, where he is "ever-present ...
Perumal (Tamil: பெருமாள், romanized: Perumāl) [2] or Tirumal (Tamil: திருமால், romanized: Tirumāl pronunciation ⓘ) is a Hindu deity. [3] Perumal is worshipped mainly among Tamil Hindus in South India and the Tamil diaspora, who consider Perumal to be a form of Vishnu. [4]
Vaikuntha (Sanskrit: वैकुण्ठ, romanized: Vaikuṇṭha, lit. 'without anxiety'), [1] also called Vishnuloka (Viṣṇuloka), and Tirunatu (Tirunāṭu) in Tamil, [2] is the abode of Vishnu, [3] the supreme deity in the Vaishnava tradition of Hinduism, [4] [5]: 17 and his consort, Lakshmi, the supreme goddess of the sect.
Balarama, the elder brother of Krishna, is sometimes featured as an avatar of Vishnu in the lists of the Puranas, replacing Buddha, though he is also widely considered in other traditions to be a form of Shesha, the serpent of Vishnu. Other significant forms of Vishnu include Prithu, Mohini, Dhanvantari, Kapila, Yajna, and a third of Dattatreya.
The third hymn of the Tirunetuntantakam describes the Kurma incarnation of Vishnu during the Samudra Manthana: [9] The dark blue-hued lord is a picture of auspiciousness. In each age he takes a different form, suited to that age. In the Tretayuga he took the huge form of a tortoise to churn ambrosia from the ocean.
The Alvars (Tamil: ஆழ்வார், romanized: Āḻvār, lit. 'The Immersed') were the Tamil poet-saints of South India who espoused bhakti (devotion) to the Hindu preserver deity Vishnu, in their songs of longing, ecstasy, and service. [2] They are venerated in Vaishnavism, which regards Vishnu as the Ultimate Reality.
The Paripādal (Tamil: பரிபாடல், meaning the paripadal-metre anthology) is a classical Tamil poetic work and traditionally the fifth of the Eight Anthologies (Ettuthokai) in the Sangam literature. [50]