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The Immunologic Constant of Rejection (ICR), is a notion introduced by biologists to group a shared set of genes expressed in tissue destructive-pathogenic conditions like cancer and infection, along a diverse set of physiological circumstances of tissue damage or organ failure, including autoimmune disease or allograft rejection. [1]
Mice with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCIDs) are often used in the research of human disease. Human immune cells are used to develop human lymphoid organs within these immunodeficient mice, and many different types of SCID mouse models have been developed.
A useful model for Alzheimer's disease (AD) in the lab is the Tg2576 strain of mice. The K670M and N671L double mutations seen in the human 695 splice-variant of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) are expressed by this strain.
It is the most widely used "genetic background" for genetically modified mice for use as models of human disease. They are the most widely used and best-selling mouse strain due to the availability of congenic strains, easy breeding, and robustness. [1] The median lifespan of C57BL/6 mice is 27–29 months and the maximum lifespan is about 36 ...
By crossing SCID mice with these other mice, more severely immunocompromised strains can be created to further aid research (e.g. by being less likely to reject transplants). The degree to which the various components of the immune system are compromised varies according to what other mutations the mice carry along with the SCID mutation.
The NSG mouse (NOD scid gamma mouse) is a brand of immunodeficient laboratory mice, developed and marketed by Jackson Laboratory, which carries the strain NOD.Cg-Prkdc scid Il2rg tm1Wjl /SzJ. NSG branded mice are among the most immunodeficient described to date. [1] NSG branded mice lack mature T cells, B cells, and natural killer (NK) cells. [2]
The International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium (IMPC) is an international scientific endeavour to create and characterize the phenotype of 20,000 knockout mouse strains. [1] [2] [3] Launched in September 2011, [1] the consortium consists of over 15 research institutes across four continents with funding provided by the NIH, European national governments and the partner institutions.
A NOG (NOD/Shi-scid/IL-2Rγ null) mouse is a new generation of severely immunodeficient mouse, developed by Central Institute for Experimental Animals (CIEA) in 2000. The NOG mouse accepts heterologous cells much more easily compared with any other type of immunodeficient rodent models, such as nude mouse and NOD/scid mouse.