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In addition to the binary application code, the executables may contain headers and tables with relocation and fixup information as well as various kinds of meta data. Among those formats listed, the ones in most common use are PE (on Microsoft Windows), ELF (on Linux and most other versions of Unix), Mach-O (on macOS and iOS) and MZ (on DOS).
An ELF file has two views: the program header shows the segments used at run time, whereas the section header lists the set of sections.. In computing, the Executable and Linkable Format [2] (ELF, formerly named Extensible Linking Format) is a common standard file format for executable files, object code, shared libraries, and core dumps.
At its core, the PE format is a structured data container that gives the Windows operating system loader everything it needs to properly manage the executable code it contains. This includes references for dynamically linked libraries , tables for importing and exporting API s, resource management data and thread-local storage (TLS) information.
Although the Portable Executable format used by Windows does not allow assigning code to platforms, it is still possible to make a loader program that dispatches based on architecture. This is because desktop versions of Windows on ARM have support for 32-bit x86 emulation, making it a useful "universal" machine code target. Fatpack is a loader ...
While Bash was developed for UNIX and UNIX-like operating systems, such as GNU/Linux, it is also available on Android, macOS, Windows, and numerous other current and historical operating systems. [12] "Although there have been attempts to create specialized shells, the Bourne shell derivatives continue to be the primary shells in use."
WSL 1 (released August 2, 2016), acted as a compatibility layer for running Linux binary executables (in ELF format) by implementing Linux system calls in the Windows kernel. [5] WSL 2 (announced May 2019 [ 6 ] ), introduced a real Linux kernel – a managed virtual machine (via Hyper-V technology) that implements the full Linux kernel.
binfmt_misc (Miscellaneous Binary Format) is a capability of the Linux kernel which allows arbitrary executable file formats to be recognized and passed to certain user space applications, such as emulators and virtual machines. [1] It is one of a number of binary format handlers in the kernel that are involved in preparing a user-space program ...
In computing, which is a command for various operating systems used to identify the location of executables. The command is available in Unix and Unix-like systems, the AROS shell, [4] for FreeDOS [5] and for Microsoft Windows. [2] The functionality of the which command is similar to some implementations of the type command.