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An alkylating antineoplastic agent is an alkylating agent used in cancer treatment that attaches an alkyl group (C n H 2n+1) to DNA. [ 1 ] Since cancer cells, in general, proliferate faster and with less error-correcting than healthy cells, cancer cells are more sensitive to DNA damage—such as being alkylated.
For example, the CHOP regimen consists of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone. Besides chemotherapy, medical oncology ( pharmacotherapy for cancer) includes several noncytotoxic classes of therapy, such as hormonal therapy and targeted therapy (biologic therapy).
1.09 Alkylating agents: Altretamine: PO Alkylates DNA. Recurrent or advanced ovarian cancer Myelosuppression, peripheral neuropathy, seizures and hepatotoxicity (rare). Bendamustine: IV: Alkylates DNA. Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, mantle cell lymphoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Myelosuppression, hypokalaemia and tachycardia. Busulfan: IV, PO ...
The strong cytotoxic effect caused by the formation of ICLs is what makes NMs an effective chemotherapeutic agent. Other compounds used in cancer chemotherapy that have the ability to form ICLs are cisplatin , mitomycin C , carmustine , and psoralen . [ 18 ]
When the alkylating agent is an alkyl halide, the conversion is called the Williamson ether synthesis. Alcohols are also good alkylating agents in the presence of suitable acid catalysts. For example, most methyl amines are prepared by alkylation of ammonia with methanol.
Nitrosourea compounds are DNA alkylating agents and are often used in chemotherapy. [1] They are lipophilic and thus can cross the blood–brain barrier , making them useful in the treatment of brain tumors such as glioblastoma multiforme .
Cell-cycle nonspecific antineoplastic agents (CCNS) refer to a class of pharmaceuticals that act as antitumor agents at all or any phases of the cell cycle. [ 1 ] Alkylating antineoplastic agent and anthracyclins are two examples.
Chemotherapy (often abbreviated chemo, sometimes CTX and CTx) is the type of cancer treatment that uses one or more anti-cancer drugs (chemotherapeutic agents or alkylating agents) in a standard regimen.