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Many historians assume the terms beorm and bjarm to derive from the Uralic word perm, which refers to "travelling merchants" and represents the Old Permic culture. [4] Bjarneyjar "Bear islands". Possibly Disko Island off Greenland. [5] blakumen or blökumenn Romanians or Cumans. Blokumannaland may be the lands south of the Lower Danube. Bót
Words of Old Norse origin have entered the English language, primarily from the contact between Old Norse and Old English during colonisation of eastern and northern England between the mid 9th to the 11th centuries (see also Danelaw). Many of these words are part of English core vocabulary, such as egg or knife. There are hundreds of such ...
The runic text states that the stone was raised as a memorial by Alfkell and his sons in memory of his deceased relative Manni. Manni is described as being a landhirþiÊ€ or landhirði, an Old Norse word that means "guard of land" [2] but is often translated as being a land or estate overseer or steward. [3]
The text of the stone was recorded during one of the earlier national surveys of runestones. It states that the stone was raised by a man named Ábjôrn in memory of a man named Tóki Óníðingr. The name Óníðingr , which with the ó- prefix means the opposite of the Old Norse pejorative word níðingr , was a word used to describe a man as ...
The name rune itself, taken to mean "secret, something hidden", seems to indicate that knowledge of the runes was originally considered esoteric, or restricted to an elite. [citation needed] The 6th-century Björketorp Runestone warns in Proto-Norse using the word rune in both senses: Haidzruno runu, falahak haidera, ginnarunaz.
The text on the serpent states that the stone was part of "landmarks" made by Skammhals and Ólôf in memory of their father Sveinn. The prayer at the end of this text uses the Norse word salu for soul, which was imported from English and is first recorded as being used on a different runestone dating from the tenth century. [4]
Uppland Runic Inscription 701 or U 701, and also known as Kynge stone, is a runestone that is now lost. It was recorded in a drawing in the 17th century by Johan Hadorph and P. Helgonius, as well as Johannes Haquini Rhezelius. Richard Dybeck took up the search for the missing U 701 in 1860 but was not able to find it.
The Årstad stone (N KJ58) is a runestone found in 1855 on the Årstad farm in Rogaland, Norway. It bears 18-20 runes of the Elder Futhark on three lines. The second line reads saralu, [18] which is by some scholars split into the words sar and alu. [19] Today the stone is housed in the Antiquities Collection at the Museum of Cultural History ...