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Ambiguity effect; Assembly bonus effect; Audience effect; Baader–Meinhof effect; Barnum effect; Bezold effect; Birthday-number effect; Boomerang effect; Bouba/kiki effect; Bystander effect; Cheerleader effect; Cinderella effect; Cocktail party effect; Contrast effect; Coolidge effect; Crespi effect; Cross-race effect; Curse of knowledge ...
The Hawthorne effect is a type of human behavior reactivity in which individuals modify an aspect of their behavior in response to their awareness of being observed. [1] [2] The effect was discovered in the context of research conducted at the Hawthorne Western Electric plant; however, some scholars think the descriptions are fictitious.
The spotlight effect is an extension of several psychological phenomena. Among these is the phenomenon known as anchoring and adjustment, which suggests that individuals will use their own internal feelings of anxiety and the accompanying self-representation as an anchor, then insufficiently correct for the fact that others are less privy to those feelings than they are themselves.
Low light and lack of color of this sort may be associated with depression and lethargy. This association was made as far back as the 2nd century by the ancient Greek physician, Aretaeus of Cappadocia , who said, "Lethargics are to be laid in the light and exposed to the rays of the sun, for the disease is gloom."
Consistent light exposure has a greater effect than intermittent exposure. [14] In rats, constant light eventually disrupts the cycle to the point that memory and stress coping may be impaired. [15] The intensity and the wavelength of light influence entrainment. [2] Dim light can affect entrainment relative to darkness. [16]
Fechner noticed in his own studies that different individuals have different sensitivity to certain stimuli. For example, the ability to perceive differences in light intensity could be related to how good that individual's vision is. [2] He also noted that how the human sensitivity to stimuli changes depends on which sense is affected.
The ambient optic array is the structured arrangement of light with respect to a point of observation. [1] American psychologist James J. Gibson posited the existence of the ambient optic array as a central part of his ecological approach to optics.
A 2022 psychology study in China found that artificial lighting changes a person's perception of visual objects. Between the participants of the experiment, red and blue light reduced feelings of calmness and stability and increased feelings of irritation and nervousness, while green light reduces the feeling of pleasure and yellow light ...