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Therefore, some studies have shown that the condition is harder to cure if the cancer has spread to the liver or brain or β-hCG level is higher than 40,000 mIU/mL when treatment begins, cancer returns after having chemotherapy or symptoms/ pregnancy occurred for more than 4 months before treatment.
A placental site trophoblastic tumor is a monophasic neoplasm of the implantation site intermediate trophoblast, and usually a benign lesion, which comprises less than 2% of all gestational trophoblastic proliferations. Preceding conditions include molar pregnancy (5%).
5T4 is an antigen expressed in a number of carcinomas. [7] It is an N-glycosylated transmembrane 72 kDa glycoprotein containing eight leucine-rich repeats. [6] 5T4 is often referred to as an oncofetal antigen due to its expression in foetal trophoblast (where it was first discovered) or trophoblast glycoprotein (TPBG).
Only a few women with GTD have poor prognosis metastatic gestational trophoblastic disease. Their treatment usually includes chemotherapy. Radiotherapy can also be given to places where the cancer has spread, e.g. the brain. [31] Women who undergo chemotherapy are advised not to conceive for one year after completion of treatment.
The trophoblast (from Greek trephein: to feed; and blastos: germinator) is the outer layer of cells of the blastocyst. Trophoblasts are present four days after fertilization in humans. [ 1 ] They provide nutrients to the embryo and develop into a large part of the placenta .
The Mayo Clinic Cancer Center is one of the oldest NCI-designated cancer centers in the United States, having first been designated in 1973. [3] The main location of the Mayo Clinic is in Rochester, MN. Campuses in Arizona and Florida opened later and became part of the Mayo Clinic Cancer Center in 2003. [4] [5]
In response to the irresponsible trophoblast's properties, Beard advocated the use of pancreatic enzymes to treat cancer. In its normal function, the trophoblast supplies nourishment to the embryo. In Beard's mind, the "initiation of pancreatic enzyme production by the fetus might be responsible for the regression of trophoblastic tissue in the ...
16878 Ensembl ENSG00000128342 ENSMUSG00000034394 UniProt P15018 P09056 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001257135 NM_002309 NM_001039537 NM_008501 RefSeq (protein) NP_001244064 NP_002300 NP_001034626 NP_032527 Location (UCSC) Chr 22: 30.24 – 30.25 Mb Chr 11: 4.21 – 4.22 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Leukemia inhibitory factor, or LIF, is an interleukin 6 class cytokine that ...