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A polygene is a member of a group of non-epistatic genes that interact additively to influence a phenotypic trait, thus contributing to multiple-gene inheritance (polygenic inheritance, multigenic inheritance, quantitative inheritance [1]), a type of non-Mendelian inheritance, as opposed to single-gene inheritance, which is the core notion of Mendelian inheritance.
When a trait (human height) exhibiting continuous variation is plotted against a graph, the majority of population distribution is centered around the mean. [ 15 ] Galton's work is contrary to work done by Gregor Mendel; as the latter studied "nonblending" traits and kept them in different categories. [ 16 ]
The concept of cell autonomous sex identity (CASI) emerged as a challenge to the traditional understanding of sexual differentiation, which largely centered around the role of gonadal hormones in directing the development of sex-specific traits.
A quantitative trait locus (QTL) is a locus (section of DNA) that correlates with variation of a quantitative trait in the phenotype of a population of organisms. [1] QTLs are mapped by identifying which molecular markers (such as SNPs or AFLPs) correlate with an observed trait.
Polygenic adaptation describes a process in which a population adapts through small changes in allele frequencies at hundreds or thousands of loci. [1]Many traits in humans and other species are highly polygenic, i.e., affected by standing genetic variation at hundreds or thousands of loci.
Others studies have identified the functional impacts of key genes and mutations on disorders, including autism and schizophrenia. [ 7 ] [ 28 ] However, a 2017 analysis by Boyle et al. argues that while genes which directly impact complex traits do exist, regulatory networks are so interconnected that any expressed gene affects the functions of ...
The two graphics illustrate sampling distributions of polygenic scores and the predictive ability of stratified sampling on polygenic risk score with increasing age. + The left panel shows how risk—(the standardized PRS on the x-axis)—can separate 'cases' (i.e., individuals with a certain disease, (red)) from the 'controls' (individuals without the disease, (blue)).
Polymer chemistry is a sub-discipline of chemistry that focuses on the structures, chemical synthesis, and chemical and physical properties of polymers and macromolecules. The principles and methods used within polymer chemistry are also applicable through a wide range of other chemistry sub-disciplines like organic chemistry , analytical ...