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In modern radiation therapy, 3D dose distributions are typically created in a computerized treatment planning system (TPS) based on a 3D reconstruction of a CT scan. The "volume" referred to in DVH analysis is a target of radiation treatment, a healthy organ nearby a target, or an arbitrary structure.
In a prediction rule study, investigators identify a consecutive group of patients who are suspected of having a specific disease or outcome. The investigators then obtain a standard set of clinical observations on each patient and a test or clinical follow-up to define the true state of the patient.
Immunotherapy is a type of cancer treatment that activates the immune system to fight cancer. Nivolumab is a fully human IgG4 antibody targeting programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1). In 2015, nivolumab was approved for the treatment of people with metastatic squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with progression on or after platinum-based ...
There are over 20 cancer-specific scales such as the FACT-B for breast cancer and FACT-C for colorectal cancer and 27 symptom indexes which are short, 6 or 7 item subscales which focus only on symptoms. 12 treatment-specific measures focus on the quality of life impacts that patients receiving enteral feeding or with neurotoxicity experience ...
The first clinical research study of BLVR valve implantation was published in The Lancet in 2003 [16]. Since that time, nearly 80 additional papers have been published related to the efficacy [ 17 ] [ 18 ] of BLVR, inclusion criteria, [ 19 ] anesthesia management [ 20 ] during BLVR, effectiveness relative to lung volume reduction surgery [ 21 ...
The EORTC research network consists of over 5,500 collaborators from all disciplines involved in cancer treatment and research in more than 930 institutions in 27 countries. Its research spans the entire spectrum from translational and preclinical research to large, prospective, multi-centre, phase III clinical trials that evaluate new cancer ...
INR self-monitoring is a medical kit that is used by patients both on long-term and on lifetime anti-coagulation therapy to measure their INR (International Normalized Ratio) levels themselves at your premises without going to a clinic. People who self-monitor their INR levels use a portable INR monitor as in a clinic.
The normal range for a healthy person not using warfarin is 0.8–1.2, and for people on warfarin therapy an INR of 2.0–3.0 is usually targeted, although the target INR may be higher in particular situations, such as for those with a mechanical heart valve. If the INR is outside the target range, a high INR indicates a higher risk of bleeding ...