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For Aristotle, enkrateia is the opposite of akrasia (ἀκρασία from ἀ = without + κράτος = power, control), which is a lack-of control over one's own desires. [4] Another definition is the exercising of moral restraint, albeit feuled by personal opinion. [5]
Akrasia (/ ə ˈ k r eɪ z i ə /; Greek ἀκρασία, "lacking command" or "weakness", occasionally transliterated as acrasia or Anglicised as acrasy or acracy) is a lack of mental strength or willpower, or the tendency to act against one's better judgment. [1]
Acedia, engraving by Hieronymus Wierix, 16th century. Acedia (/ ə ˈ s iː d i ə /; also accidie or accedie / ˈ æ k s ɪ d i /, from Latin acēdia, and this from Greek ἀκηδία, "negligence", ἀ-"lack of" -κηδία "care") has been variously defined as a state of listlessness or torpor, of not caring or not being concerned with one's position or condition in the world.
The sense of agency (SoA), or sense of control, is the subjective awareness of initiating, executing, and controlling one's own volitional actions in the world. [1] It is the pre-reflective awareness or implicit sense that it is I who is executing bodily movement(s) or thinking thoughts.
Inhibitory control, also known as response inhibition, is a cognitive process – and, more specifically, an executive function – that permits an individual to inhibit their impulses and natural, habitual, or dominant behavioral responses to stimuli (a.k.a. prepotent responses) in order to select a more appropriate behavior that is consistent with completing their goals.
Motivational control is "the self-regulatory mechanism by which individuals are able to act on prescribed behaviors to implement ... activities." [citation needed] In other words, it is the capability of an individual to act on intentional reasoning, rather than out of emotion or impulse. For example, a student may study for an hour each ...
A lack of control over the military may result in a state within a state, as observed in countries like Pakistan. One author, paraphrasing Samuel P. Huntington 's writings in The Soldier and the State , has summarised the civil control ideal as "the proper subordination of a competent, professional military to the ends of policy as determined ...
Obtaining – Primary-Positive Control; Obtaining is defined as “the perceived ability to obtain positive outcomes”. It is dependent on (1) the degree of personal control over good things, (2) the personal responsibility for good things, (3) the frequency with which good things occur, and (4) the likelihood of good things occurring.