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The offspring produced by parthenogenesis may be of both sexes, only female (thelytoky, e.g., aphids and some hymenopterans [12]) or only male (arrhenotoky, e.g., most hymenopterans). Both true parthenogenesis and pseudogamy (gynogenesis or sperm-dependent parthenogenesis) are known to occur. [13]
discovered the phenomenon of parthenogenesis in bees; designed the first successful movable-frame beehive Johann Dzierzon , or Jan Dzierżon [ˈjan ˈd͡ʑɛrʐɔn] or Dzierżoń [ˈd͡ʑɛrʐɔɲ] , also John Dzierzon (16 January 1811 – 26 October 1906), was a Polish apiarist who discovered the phenomenon of parthenogenesis in bees .
Parthenogenesis occurs naturally in some plants, algae, invertebrate animal species (including nematodes, some tardigrades, water fleas, some scorpions, aphids, some mites, some bees, some Phasmatodea, and parasitic wasps), and a few vertebrates, such as some fish, amphibians, and reptiles. This type of reproduction has been induced ...
Honey bees produce haploid males from unfertilized eggs. Arrhenotoky (from Greek ἄρρην árrhēn "male" and τόκος tókos "birth"), also known as arrhenotokous parthenogenesis, is a form of parthenogenesis in which unfertilized eggs develop into males. In most cases, parthenogenesis produces exclusively female offspring, hence the ...
The growth and development occurs without fertilization by a male. In plants, parthenogenesis means the development of an embryo from an unfertilized egg cell, and is a component process of apomixis. In species that use the XY sex-determination system, the offspring will always be female.
Aphid giving birth by parthenogenesis, the live young growing from unfertilized eggs. Thelytoky (from the Greek θῆλυς thēlys "female" and τόκος tókos "birth") is a type of parthenogenesis and is the absence of mating and subsequent production of all female diploid offspring as for example in aphids.
Parthenogenesis is a natural form of reproduction in which growth and development of embryos occur without fertilisation. Thelytoky is a particular form of parthenogenesis in which the development of a female individual occurs from an unfertilized egg. Automixis is a form of thelytoky, but there are different kinds of automixis. The kind of ...
The male bees' genetic makeup is therefore entirely derived from the mother, while the genetic makeup of the female worker bees is half derived from the mother, and half from the father. [12] Thus, if a queen bee mates with only one drone, any two of her daughters will share, on average, 3 ⁄ 4 of their genes.