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The Ethernet physical layer has evolved over its existence starting in 1980 and encompasses multiple physical media interfaces and several orders of magnitude of speed from 1 Mbit/s to 800 Gbit/s. The physical medium ranges from bulky coaxial cable to twisted pair and optical fiber with a standardized reach of
Ethernet packet. The SFD (start frame delimiter) marks the end of the packet preamble. It is immediately followed by the Ethernet frame, which starts with the destination MAC address. [1] In computer networking, an Ethernet frame is a data link layer protocol data unit and uses the underlying Ethernet physical layer transport
In computer networking, Gigabit Ethernet (GbE or 1 GigE) is the term applied to transmitting Ethernet frames at a rate of a gigabit per second. The most popular variant, 1000BASE-T , is defined by the IEEE 802.3ab standard.
Most Ethernet cables are wired straight-through (pin 1 to pin 1, pin 2 to pin 2, and so on). In some instances, the crossover form (receive to transmit and transmit to receive) may still be required. A cable for Ethernet may be wired to either the T568A or T568B termination standard at both ends of the cable. Since these standards differ only ...
The letter following the dash (T or F) refers to the physical medium that carries the signal (twisted pair or fiber, respectively), while the last character (X, 4, etc.) refers to the line code method used. Fast Ethernet is sometimes referred to as 100BASE-X, where X is a placeholder for the FX and TX variants. [4]
This is a list of interface bit rates, is a measure of information transfer rates, or digital bandwidth capacity, at which digital interfaces in a computer or network can communicate over various kinds of buses and channels.
Ethernet is a shared medium, so that it is not guaranteed that only the two systems that are transferring a file between themselves will have exclusive access to the connection. If several systems are attempting to communicate simultaneously, the throughput between any pair can be substantially lower than the nominal bandwidth available.
The speed of light imposes a minimum propagation time on all electromagnetic signals. It is not possible to reduce the latency below = / where s is the distance and c m is the speed of light in the medium (roughly 200,000 km/s for most fiber or electrical media, depending on their velocity factor).