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He argued the environment in which children operate is important because development may be shaped by their interactions with the specific environment. He urged his colleagues to study development in terms of ecological contexts, that is the normal environments of children (schools, homes, daycares).
These studies in turn led to greater interest in the roles of developmental plasticity and early life environmental exposures in adult disease. The World Congress on Fetal Origins of Adult Disease held two meetings – one in 2001 and the other in 2003 – summarizing the new research in these areas.
Children's environmental health is the academic discipline that studies how environmental exposures in early life—chemical, biological, nutritional, and social—influence health and development in childhood and across the entire human life span. [13]
During this time frame of early childhood growth, there are many immune and developmental pathways that are dependent on environmental factors such as nutrients; malnutrition can disrupt growth and development leading to obesity or malnutrition. [9] During pregnancy, the key microbiota are maternal microbiota and fetal microbiota. [9]
Early childhood is a stage of rapid growth, development and learning and each child makes progress at different speeds and rates. [13] It is essential to integrate physical training designed in accordance with the anatomical characteristics andage-related characteristics of a child's development, to ensure the normal physical development of ...
Prolonged exposure to faecally-transmitted infections, including environmental enteropathy, other intestinal infections, and parasites during early childhood can lead to irreversible stunting. [228] Reducing the prevalence of these parasites can be a benefit in child growth, development, and educational outcome. [229]
The idea of a link between parasite infection and immune disorders was first suggested in 1968 [13] before the advent of large scale DNA sequencing techniques.The original formulation of the hygiene hypothesis dates from 1989, when David Strachan proposed that lower incidence of infection in early childhood could be an explanation for the rise in allergic diseases such as asthma and hay fever ...
Environmental health shows the effects people have on the environment as well as the effects the environment has on people. [21] From early studies showing that patients with a view of nature from their hospital recovered faster than patients with a window view of a brick wall, [ 22 ] how, why, and to which extent nature has mental and physical ...