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Simple approximation for designing Ackermann geometry. A simple approximation to perfect Ackermann steering geometry may be generated by moving the steering pivot points [clarification needed] inward so as to lie on a line drawn between the steering kingpins, which is the pivot point, and the centre of the rear axle. [3]
Wheelbase is a function of rear frame length, steering axis angle, and fork offset. It is similar to the term wheelbase used for automobiles and trains. Wheelbase has a major influence on the longitudinal stability of a bike, [ clarification needed ] along with the height of the center of mass of the combined bike and rider.
Scrub radius is changed whenever there is a change in wheel offset. For example, when the wheels are pushed out from the body of the car the scrub radius becomes more positive. Older cars tended to have very close to zero scrub radius but often on the positive side, while newer cars with ABS tend to have a negative scrub radius (this is why ...
The front wheel will usually also steer to that side. In a lean, gravity provides this force. The dynamics of a moving bike are more complicated, however, and other factors can contribute to or detract from this effect. [1] Trail is a function of head angle, fork offset or rake, and wheel size. Their relationship can be described by this ...
Wheels with Asanti 28 in (710 mm) rims on a police Hummer H2 car. The wheel size is the size designation of a wheel given by its diameter, width, and offset. The diameter of the wheel is the diameter of the cylindrical surface on which the tire bead rides. The width is the inside distance between the bead seat faces.
Tyres transmit lateral (side to side) and longitudinal (front to back) forces to the ground. The total traction force (grip) available to the a tyre is the vector sum of the lateral and longitudinal forces, a function of the normal force and coefficient of friction.
Caster displacement moves the steering axis ahead of the axis of wheel rotation, as with the front wheels of a shopping cart. Caster angle moves the steering axis from vertical. [3] In automobile racing, the caster angle may be adjusted to optimize handling characteristics for a particular venue. This is all connected to the front wheels.
This can be contrasted with steer, which is the antisymmetric angle, i.e. both wheels point to the left or right, in parallel (roughly). Negative toe, or toe out, is the front of the wheel pointing away from the centreline of the vehicle. Positive toe, or toe in, is the front of the wheel pointing towards the centreline of the vehicle. [2]