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Monotropa uniflora, an obligate myco-heterotroph known to parasitize fungi belonging to the Russulaceae. [1]Myco-heterotrophy (from Greek μύκης mýkes ' fungus ', ἕτερος héteros ' another ', ' different ' and τροφή trophé ' nutrition ') is a symbiotic relationship between certain kinds of plants and fungi, in which the plant gets all or part of its food from parasitism upon ...
Most possess a unique form of organelle structure that comprises a type of non-photosynthetic plastid called an apicoplast—with an apical complex membrane. The organelle's apical shape (e.g., see Ceratium furca) is an adaptation that the apicomplexan applies in penetrating a host cell. The Apicomplexa are unicellular and spore-forming.
Eunicella singularis, the white gorgonian, is a species of colonial soft coral, a sea fan in the family Gorgoniidae. It is found in the western Mediterranean Sea , Adriatic Sea and Ionian Sea. It was first described in 1791 by the German naturalist Eugenius Johann Christoph Esper .
Photosynthetic organisms with plastids of different origin (such as brown algae) do not belong to the Archaeplastida. The archaeplastidans fall into two main evolutionary lines. The red algae are pigmented with chlorophyll a and phycobiliproteins , like most cyanobacteria, and accumulate starch outside the chloroplasts.
The World Register of Marine Species list the following genera: [3]. Genus Adelogorgia Bayer, 1958; Genus Antillogorgia Bayer, 1951; Genus Eugorgia Verrill, 1868; Genus Eunicella Verrill, 1869
Research has shown that measurements of the gorgonin and calcite within species of gorgonian corals can be useful in paleoclimatology and paleoceanography.Studies of the growth, composition, and structure of the skeleton of certain species of gorgonians, (e.g., Primnoa resedaeformis, and Plexaurella dichotoma) can be highly correlated with seasonal and climatic variation.
' underground '; from Ancient Greek ὑπό (hupó) 'under' and γῆ (gê) 'earth') [1] are biological terms describing an organism's activity below the soil surface. In botany , a seed is described as showing hypogeal germination when the cotyledons of the germinating seed remain non-photosynthetic , inside the seed shell, and below ground. [ 2 ]
Microscopic organisms were increasingly constrained in the plant/animal dichotomy. In 1858, the palaeontolgist Richard Owen was the first to define Protozoa as a separate kingdom of eukaryotic organisms, with "nucleated cells" and the "common organic characters" of plants and animals, although he also included sponges within protozoa. [28]