Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
This allows the synthesis of frequencies that are N/M times the reference frequency. This can be accomplished in a different manner by periodically changing the integer value of an integer-N frequency divider, effectively resulting in a multiplier with both whole number and fractional component. Such a multiplier is called a fractional-N ...
A non-integer multiple of the reference frequency can also be created by replacing the simple divide-by-N counter in the feedback path with a programmable pulse swallowing counter. This technique is usually referred to as a fractional-N synthesizer or fractional-N PLL. [dubious – discuss] The oscillator generates a periodic output signal.
A fractional-n frequency synthesizer can be constructed using two integer dividers, a divide-by-N, and a divide-by-(N + 1) frequency divider. With a modulus controller, N is toggled between the two values so that the VCO alternates between one locked frequency and the other. The VCO stabilizes at a frequency that is the time average of the two ...
The PLL is locked at 917.94 MHz (f o) with a channel spacing frequency of 30 kHz (f r). The total integer count, therefore, is 30,598. Dividing this by 128 (M) yields a quotient of 239 with a remainder of 6, N, and A, respectively.
The third type are routinely used as communication system IC building blocks: indirect digital synthesizers including integer-N and fractional-N. [3] The recently emerged TAF-DPS is also a direct approach. It directly constructs the waveform of each pulse in the clock pulse train.
Pull-in range guarantees that PLL will eventually synchronize, however this process may take a long time. Such long acquisition process is called cycle slipping. If difference between initial and final phase deviation is larger than 2 π {\displaystyle 2\pi } , we say that cycle slipping takes place.
Rational numbers (): Numbers that can be expressed as a ratio of an integer to a non-zero integer. [3] All integers are rational, but there are rational numbers that are not integers, such as −2/9. Real numbers (): Numbers that correspond to points along a line. They can be positive, negative, or zero.
A first linear mathematical model of second-order CP-PLL was suggested by F. Gardner in 1980. [2] A nonlinear model without the VCO overload was suggested by M. van Paemel in 1994 [3] and then refined by N. Kuznetsov et al. in 2019. [4] The closed form mathematical model of CP-PLL taking into account the VCO overload is derived in. [5]