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In October 2016, Huawei announced that it had achieved 27 Gbit/s in 5G field trial tests using polar codes for channel coding. The improvements have been introduced so that the channel performance has now almost closed the gap to the Shannon limit, which sets the bar for the maximum rate for a given bandwidth and a given noise level. [4]
An Android phone, showing that it is connected to a 5G network An Apple iPhone showing that it is connected to a 5G Network. In telecommunications, 5G is the fifth generation of cellular network technology, which mobile operators began deploying worldwide in 2019 as the successor to 4G. 5G is based on standards defined by the International Telecommunication Union under the IMT-2020 ...
The code-rate is hence a real number. A low code-rate close to zero implies a strong code that uses many redundant bits to achieve a good performance, while a large code-rate close to 1 implies a weak code. The redundant bits that protect the information have to be transferred using the same communication resources that they are trying to protect.
The third sub-block is n/2 parity bits for a known permutation of the payload data, again computed using an RSC code. Thus, two redundant but different sub-blocks of parity bits are sent with the payload. The complete block has m + n bits of data with a code rate of m/(m + n).
The code rate of the octet oriented Reed Solomon block code denoted RS(204,188) is 188/204, meaning that 204 − 188 = 16 redundant octets (or bytes) are added to each block of 188 octets of useful information.
The parity bit may be used within another constituent code. In an example using the DVB-S2 rate 2/3 code the encoded block size is 64800 symbols (N=64800) with 43200 data bits (K=43200) and 21600 parity bits (M=21600). Each constituent code (check node) encodes 16 data bits except for the first parity bit which encodes 8 data bits.
The RM(0, m) code is the repetition code of length N =2 m and weight N = 2 m−0 = 2 m−r. By 1 (,) = and has weight 1 = 2 0 = 2 m−r. The article bar product (coding theory) gives a proof that the weight of the bar product of two codes C 1, C 2 is given by
It is the net bit rate (useful information rate excluding error-correcting codes) ... 3.5G cellular HSDPA: 2007 21.1 5 4.22 1 4.22 4G MBWA iBurst HC-SDMA: 2005 3.9