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EGR works by recirculating a portion of an engine's exhaust gas back to the engine cylinders. The exhaust gas displaces atmospheric air and reduces O 2 in the combustion chamber. Reducing the amount of oxygen reduces the amount of fuel that can burn in the cylinder thereby reducing peak in-cylinder temperatures.
Pumped air injection systems use a vane pump called the air pump, AIR pump, or colloquially "smog pump" turned by the engine via a belt or electric motor.The pump's air intake is filtered by a rotating screen or the vehicle air filter to exclude dirt particles large enough to damage the system.
Therefore, the low speed of the training phase is a limitation of SVMs when it comes to its usage in fault detection and diagnosis cases. [20] Time domain waveform (top) and CWTS (bottom) of a normal signal. Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) are among the most mature and widely used mathematical classification algorithms in fault detection and ...
A cold start is an attempt to start a vehicle's engine when ambient temperatures are much lower than its normal operating temperature. [1] A cold start can be difficult for an engine due to higher viscosity of oil and fuel in cold temperatures.
Bosch supplied two exhaust treatment components and engine control software. [167] In the case of 3.0-litre V6 TDI engines, Volkswagen suggested it can provide an uncomplicated fix that will bring the vehicles into compliance without adversely affecting performance, a move that the company hopes will avoid an expensive buyback of these cars. [348]
Crashed car. Vehicle extrication is the process of removing a patient from a vehicle which has been involved in a motor vehicle collision. [1] Patients who have not already exited a crashed vehicle may be medically (cannot exit a vehicle due to their injuries) or physically trapped, [2] and may be pinned by wreckage, or unable to exit the vehicle because a door will not open.
Radiography is an important tool in diagnosis of certain disorders. Medical diagnosis (abbreviated Dx, [1] D x, or D s) is the process of determining which disease or condition explains a person's symptoms and signs. It is most often referred to as a diagnosis with the medical context being implicit.
EGFR signaling cascades Diagram of the EGF receptor highlighting important domains. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a transmembrane protein that is activated by binding of its specific ligands, including epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-α). [7]
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