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へんではありませんでした (hen dewa arimasen deshita ^ The では ( de wa ) in the conjugation of the copula is often contracted in speech to じゃ ( ja ) . な ( na ) -adjectives have なら ( nara ) added to them to change to conditional form, and just like all other ない ( nai ) form inflections, behave like an い ( i ...
猫 neko cat の no GEN 色 iro color 猫 の 色 neko no iro cat GEN color "the cat's (neko no) color (iro)" noun governed by an adposition: 日本 nihon Japan に ni in 日本 に nihon ni Japan in " in Japan" comparison: Y Y Y より yori than 大きい ookii big Y より 大きい Y yori ookii Y than big " big ger than Y" noun modified by an adjective: 黒い kuroi black 猫 neko cat ...
Japanese does not have equivalents of prepositions like "on" or "about", and often uses particles along with verbs and nouns to modify another word where English might use prepositions. For example, ue is a noun meaning "top/up"; and ni tsuite is a fixed verbal expression meaning "concerning":
A contraction is a shortened version of the spoken and written forms of a word, syllable, or word group, created by omission of internal letters and sounds.. In linguistic analysis, contractions should not be confused with crasis, abbreviations and initialisms (including acronyms), with which they share some semantic and phonetic functions, though all three are connoted by the term ...
Japanese verbs, like the verbs of many other languages, can be morphologically modified to change their meaning or grammatical function – a process known as conjugation. In Japanese , the beginning of a word (the stem ) is preserved during conjugation, while the ending of the word is altered in some way to change the meaning (this is the ...
A description, study, or analysis of such rules may also be known as a grammar, or as a grammar book. A reference work describing the grammar of a language is called a reference grammar or simply a grammar. A fully revealed grammar, which describes the grammatical constructions of a particular speech type in great detail is called descriptive ...
Grammatical abbreviations are generally written in full or small caps to visually distinguish them from the translations of lexical words. For instance, capital or small-cap PAST (frequently abbreviated to PST) glosses a grammatical past-tense morpheme, while lower-case 'past' would be a literal translation of a word with that meaning.
The general rule is that a younger family member (e.g., a young brother) addresses an older family member (e.g., a big sister) using an honorific form, while the more senior family member calls the younger one only by name. The honorific forms are: O-tōsan (お-父さん): father. The descriptive noun is chichi (父).