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A V formation is a symmetric V- or chevron-shaped flight formation. In nature, it occurs among geese, swans, ducks, and other migratory birds, improving their energy efficiency, while in human aviation, it is used mostly in military aviation, air shows, and occasionally commercial aviation. Flying in the V formation is thought to improve energy ...
Pelicans flying in a V formation Birds are typically observed to fly in V-shaped formations or J-shaped formations , the latter commonly known as echelon. The first study to attempt to quantify the energy saving of a large flock of birds was Lissaman & Schollenberger [ 6 ] who provided the first, albeit notably flawed, [ 1 ] estimate for a 25 ...
F-22A Raptors in Vic formation. The Vic formation is a formation devised for military aircraft and first used during the First World War.It has three or sometimes more aircraft fly in close formation with the leader at the apex and the rest of the flight en echelon to the left and the right, the whole resembling the letter "V".
A flying wedge (also called flying V or wedge formation, or simply wedge) is a configuration created from a body moving forward in a triangular formation. This V-shaped arrangement began as a successful military strategy in ancient times when infantry units would move forward in wedge formations to smash through an enemy's lines.
This formation helps to conserve energy in flight, and aids in communication and monitoring of flock mates. [13] [14] Using great white pelicans as a model species, researchers showed that flying in a V formation increased the aerodynamics of trailing birds, thus requiring fewer wing flaps to stay aloft and lowering individuals' heartrates. [15]
Geese in a V-formation may conserve 12–20% of the energy they would need to fly alone. [102] [103] Red knots and dunlins were found in radar studies to fly 5 km per hour faster in flocks than when they were flying alone. [104] The birds flying at the tips and at the front are rotated in a timely cyclical fashion to spread flight fatigue ...
Delta formation is a flight pattern where multiple flying objects will come together in a V in order to fly more efficiently. Each trailing object is positioned slightly higher than the one in front, and uses the air moved by the forward object to reduce wind resistance.
Geese in V formation. The flying geese paradigm (Japanese: 雁行形態論, Hepburn: Gankō keitai-ron) is a view of Japanese scholars regarding technological development in Southeast Asia which sees Japan as a leading power.