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Sputnik 1 (/ ˈ s p ʌ t n ɪ k, ˈ s p ʊ t n ɪ k /, Russian: Спутник-1, Satellite 1), sometimes referred to as simply Sputnik, was the first artificial Earth satellite. It was launched into an elliptical low Earth orbit by the Soviet Union on 4 October 1957 as part of the Soviet space program .
The Sputnik rocket was an uncrewed orbital carrier rocket designed by Sergei Korolev in the Soviet Union, derived from the R-7 Semyorka ICBM. On 4 October 1957, it was used to perform the world's first satellite launch, placing Sputnik 1 into a low Earth orbit .
The R-1 rocket (NATO reporting name SS-1 Scunner, Soviet code name SA11, was a tactical ballistic missile, the first manufactured in the Soviet Union, and closely based on the German A-4. [46] Production was authorized by Josef Stalin in April 1947 with NII-88 chief designer Sergei Korolev overseeing the R-1's development.
The first small-lift launch vehicle was the Sputnik rocket, launched by the Soviet Union, which was derived from the R-7 Semyorka ICBM. On 4 October 1957, the Sputnik rocket was used to perform the world's first satellite launch, placing the Sputnik 1 satellite into a low Earth orbit .
Photograph of Sputnik 2 and its rocket taken by Air Force personnel at Air Force Missile Test Center, Patrick AFB, Florida. On October 4, 1957, the Soviet Union launched Sputnik 1, the first artificial satellite of Earth in the history of humankind. Explorer 1 satellite, the third Satellite put into orbit, and the first by NASA
Mabuhay (Agila 1) (former Palapa B2P) Mabuhay: Delta-3920: Cape Canaveral: 20 March 1987: Originally operated and launched for Indonesian company PT Pasifik Satelit Nusantara. Acquired while on orbit by Mabuhay in 1996 making it the first Philippine owned satellite. Mabuhay 1 (Agila 2) SS/Loral: Chang Zheng 3B: Xichang: 19 August 1997
The Vanguard rocket [1] was intended to be the first launch vehicle the United States would use to place a satellite into orbit. Instead, the Sputnik crisis caused by the surprise launch of Sputnik 1 led the U.S., after the failure of Vanguard TV-3, to quickly orbit the Explorer 1 satellite using a Juno I rocket, making Vanguard 1 the second successful U.S. orbital launch.
Sputnik 1 [49] – N/A: Soviet Union November 3, 1957 [50] Animal in orbit: Sputnik 2 [51] Laika the dog: Soviet Union January 2, 1959: Lunar flyby, spacecraft to achieve a heliocentric orbit: Luna 1 [52] – N/A: Soviet Union September 12, 1959: Impact on the Lunar surface; thereby becoming the first human object to reach another celestial ...