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There are many diseases known to cause ocular or visual changes. Diabetes, for example, is the leading cause of new cases of blindness in those aged 20–74, with ocular manifestations such as diabetic retinopathy and macular edema affecting up to 80% of those who have had the disease for 15 years or more.
8.7% global prevalence in 2020 [ 2] Macular degeneration, also known as age-related macular degeneration ( AMD or ARMD ), is a medical condition which may result in blurred or no vision in the center of the visual field. [ 1] Early on there are often no symptoms. [ 1] Over time, however, some people experience a gradual worsening of vision that ...
Psychosis, delirium, or dementia [ 1] Visual release hallucinations, also known as Charles Bonnet syndrome or CBS, are a type of psychophysical visual disturbance in which a person with partial or severe blindness experiences visual hallucinations . First described by Charles Bonnet in 1760, [ 2][ 3] the term Charles Bonnet syndrome was first ...
H15-H22 Disorders of sclera, cornea, iris and ciliary body. (H15.0) Scleritis — a painful inflammation of the sclera. (H16) Keratitis — inflammation of the cornea. (H16.0) Corneal ulcer / Corneal abrasion — loss of the surface epithelial layer of the eye's cornea. (H16.1) Snow blindness / Arc eye — a painful condition caused by exposure ...
Retinal hemorrhage (UK English: retinal haemorrhage) is a disorder of the eye in which bleeding occurs in the retina, the light sensitive tissue, located on the back wall of the eye. [ 1] There are photoreceptor cells in the retina called rods and cones, which transduce light energy into nerve signals that can be processed by the brain to form ...
Presbyopia is physiological insufficiency of accommodation associated with the aging of the eye that results in progressively worsening ability to focus clearly on close objects. [ 4] Also known as age-related farsightedness [ 5] (or age-related long sight in the UK [ 6] ), it affects many adults over the age of 40.
The symptoms and signs associated with convergence insufficiency are related to prolonged, visually demanding, near-centered tasks. They may include, but are not limited to, diplopia (double vision), asthenopia (eye strain), transient blurred vision, difficulty sustaining near-visual function, abnormal fatigue, headache, and abnormal postural adaptation, among others.
Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia ( CPEO) is a type of eye disorder characterized by slowly progressive inability to move the eyes and eyebrows. [ 1] It is often the only feature of mitochondrial disease, in which case the term CPEO may be given as the diagnosis. In other people suffering from mitochondrial disease, CPEO occurs as ...