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Because water expands upon freezing, dehydration ensures the tardigrades' tissues are not ruptured by the expansion of freezing ice. [ 73 ] Radiation – tardigrades can withstand 1,000 times more radiation than other animals, [ 74 ] median lethal doses of 5,000 Gy (of gamma rays) and 6,200 Gy (of heavy ions) in hydrated animals (5 to 10 Gy ...
Salix alba, the white willow, is a species of willow native to Europe and western and central Asia. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The name derives from the white tone to the undersides of the leaves. It is a medium to large deciduous tree growing up to 10–30 m tall, with a trunk up to 1 m diameter and an irregular, often-leaning crown.
Nematus oligospilus, commonly known as the willow sawfly, is a species of sawfly in the family Tenthredinidae. Native to central and northern Europe and Asia, it was first recorded in South America in the 1980s and New Zealand in 1997, and has also been introduced to Australia, South Africa and Lesotho. Its larvae feed on the leaves of various ...
Corythucha elegans, the willow lace bug, is a bug species in the family Tingidae found on willows in North America. Rhabdophaga rosaria is a type of gall found on willows. Rust, caused by fungi of genus Melampsora, is known to damage leaves of willows, covering them with orange spots.
A line of willow pollards near Sluis, Zeeland, Netherlands. Pollarding is a pruning system involving the removal of the upper branches of a tree, which promotes the growth of a dense head of foliage and branches. In ancient Rome, Propertius mentioned pollarding during the 1st century BCE. [ 1] The practice has occurred commonly in Europe since ...
Śmigus-dyngus. Śmigus-dyngus[ a] ( Polish pronunciation: [ˈɕmigus ˈdɨnɡus]) or lany poniedziałek[ b] ( Polish pronunciation: [ˈlanɨ ˌpɔɲɛˈd͡ʑawɛk]) is a celebration held on Easter Monday across Central Europe, and in small parts of Eastern and Southern Europe. The tradition is widely associated with Poland in English-speaking ...
Cornus subg. Kraniopsis. Cornus sericea, the red osier or red-osier dogwood, [2] is a species of flowering plant in the family Cornaceae, native to much of North America. It has sometimes been considered a synonym of the Asian species Cornus alba. Other names include red brush, red willow, [3] [4] [5] redstem dogwood, [3] [5] redtwig dogwood ...
Water sprouts or water shoots are shoots that arise from the trunk of a tree or from branches that are several years old, from latent buds. [1] The latent buds might be visible on the bark of the tree, or submerged under the bark as epicormic buds. They are sometimes called suckers, although that term is more correctly applied to shoots that ...