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  2. Stratified randomization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratified_randomization

    Graphic breakdown of stratified random sampling. In statistics, stratified randomization is a method of sampling which first stratifies the whole study population into subgroups with same attributes or characteristics, known as strata, then followed by simple random sampling from the stratified groups, where each element within the same subgroup are selected unbiasedly during any stage of the ...

  3. Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel statistics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel...

    Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel statistics. In statistics, the Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel test ( CMH) is a test used in the analysis of stratified or matched categorical data. It allows an investigator to test the association between a binary predictor or treatment and a binary outcome such as case or control status while taking into account the ...

  4. Stratified sampling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratified_sampling

    In statistics, stratified sampling is a method of sampling from a population which can be partitioned into subpopulations . Stratified sampling example. In statistical surveys, when subpopulations within an overall population vary, it could be advantageous to sample each subpopulation ( stratum) independently.

  5. Permutation test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permutation_test

    The permutation test is designed to determine whether the observed difference between the sample means is large enough to reject, at some significance level, the null hypothesis H that the data drawn from is from the same distribution as the data drawn from . The test proceeds as follows. First, the difference in means between the two samples ...

  6. Bootstrapping (statistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bootstrapping_(statistics)

    Bootstrapping estimates the properties of an estimand (such as its variance) by measuring those properties when sampling from an approximating distribution. One standard choice for an approximating distribution is the empirical distribution function of the observed data.

  7. Matching (statistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matching_(statistics)

    Matching (statistics) Matching is a statistical technique that evaluates the effect of a treatment by comparing the treated and the non-treated units in an observational study or quasi-experiment (i.e. when the treatment is not randomly assigned). The goal of matching is to reduce bias for the estimated treatment effect in an observational-data ...

  8. Randomized controlled trial - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randomized_controlled_trial

    A randomized controlled trial (or randomized control trial; [ 2] RCT) is a form of scientific experiment used to control factors not under direct experimental control. Examples of RCTs are clinical trials that compare the effects of drugs, surgical techniques, medical devices, diagnostic procedures, diets or other medical treatments. [ 3][ 4]

  9. Resampling (statistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resampling_(statistics)

    The best example of the plug-in principle, the bootstrapping method. Bootstrapping is a statistical method for estimating the sampling distribution of an estimator by sampling with replacement from the original sample, most often with the purpose of deriving robust estimates of standard errors and confidence intervals of a population parameter like a mean, median, proportion, odds ratio ...