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  2. Smoker's macrophages - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smoker's_macrophages

    Smoking is found to be the most important causative factor leading to COPD. [23] Because of the altered inflammatory response of the macrophages, smoking induces inflammation across the entire airway, which in turns obstructs the airflow. Symptoms of COPD include persistent coughing, wheezing, chest infections and breathlessness.

  3. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronic_obstructive...

    Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a type of progressive lung disease characterized by chronic respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation. [8] GOLD 2024 defined COPD as a heterogeneous lung condition characterized by chronic respiratory symptoms (dyspnea or shortness of breath, cough, sputum production or exacerbations) due to abnormalities of the airways (bronchitis ...

  4. Obstructive lung disease - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obstructive_lung_disease

    The most common cause of COPD is cigarette smoking. COPD is a gradually progressive condition and usually only develops after about 20 pack-years of smoking. COPD may also be caused by breathing in other particles and gases. [citation needed] The diagnosis of COPD is established through spirometry although other pulmonary function tests can be ...

  5. How To Be Active in Your Treatment Journey With COPD - AOL

    www.aol.com/active-treatment-journey-copd...

    Flare-ups are characterized by worsening COPD symptoms that require medical attention. 2. ... The leading cause of COPD is smoking, something Gordon said he did for many years.

  6. Telltale Signs You Need to See a Doctor for Your Cough - AOL

    www.aol.com/lifestyle/telltale-signs-see-doctor...

    A chronic cough can also have a few potential causes. Those include: Asthma. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Smoking. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) ... “Symptoms also may ...

  7. Health effects of tobacco - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_effects_of_tobacco

    This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 7 January 2025. Circumstances, mechanisms, and factors of tobacco consumption on human health "Health effects of smoking" and "Dangers of smoking" redirect here. For cannabis, see Effects of cannabis. For smoking crack cocaine, see Crack cocaine § Health issues. "Smoking and health" redirects here. For ...

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