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Likely because of this definition, many scientists use not only "fold", but also "fold change" to be synonymous with "times", as in "3-fold larger" = "3 times larger". [3] [4] [5] Fold change is often used in analysis of gene expression data from microarray and RNA-Seq experiments for measuring change in the expression level of a gene. [6]
Folded, 3-D structure of ribonuclease A. Anfinsen's dogma, also known as the thermodynamic hypothesis, is a postulate in molecular biology.It states that, at least for a small globular protein in its standard physiological environment, the native structure is determined only by the protein's amino acid sequence. [1]
The history of scientific method considers changes in the methodology of scientific inquiry, not the history of science itself. The development of rules for scientific reasoning has not been straightforward; scientific method has been the subject of intense and recurring debate throughout the history of science, and eminent natural philosophers and scientists have argued for the primacy of ...
The profile-based fold recognition approach was first described by Bowie, Lüthy and David Eisenberg in 1991. [1] The term threading was first coined by David Jones, William R. Taylor and Janet Thornton in 1992, [2] and originally referred specifically to the use of a full 3-D structure atomic representation of the protein template in fold ...
The diagram sketches how proteins fold into their native structures by minimizing their free energy. The folding funnel hypothesis is a specific version of the energy landscape theory of protein folding, which assumes that a protein's native state corresponds to its free energy minimum under the solution conditions usually encountered in cells.
A fold axis "is the closest approximation to a straight line that when moved parallel to itself, generates the form of the fold". [2] (Ramsay 1967). A fold that can be generated by a fold axis is called a cylindrical fold. This term has been broadened to include near-cylindrical folds. Often, the fold axis is the same as the hinge line. [3] [4]
As an example, the Cowan and Reines’ neutrino experiment (1956) used a design that featured a four-fold coincidence technique. [2] Particle detectors that rely on measurements of coincidence are often referred to as q-fold, where q is the number of channel measurements which must be triggered to affirm the desired interaction took place. [3]
Experiments might be categorized according to a number of dimensions, depending upon professional norms and standards in different fields of study. In some disciplines (e.g., psychology or political science), a 'true experiment' is a method of social research in which there are two kinds of variables.
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