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  2. Lightmap - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lightmap

    Lightmap resolution and scaling may also be limited by the amount of disk storage space, bandwidth/download time, or texture memory available to the application. Some implementations attempt to pack multiple lightmaps together in a process known as atlasing [ 3 ] to help circumvent these limitations.

  3. Texture mapping - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texture_mapping

    A texture map [5] [6] is an image applied (mapped) to the surface of a shape or polygon. [7] This may be a bitmap image or a procedural texture.They may be stored in common image file formats, referenced by 3D model formats or material definitions, and assembled into resource bundles.

  4. Luma (video) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luma_(video)

    While luma is more often encountered, relative luminance is sometimes used in video engineering when referring to the brightness of a monitor. The formula used to calculate relative luminance uses coefficients based on the CIE color matching functions and the relevant standard chromaticities of red, green, and blue (e.g., the original NTSC ...

  5. Z-buffering - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z-buffering

    The z-buffer has the same internal data structure as an image, namely a 2D-array, with the only difference being that it stores a single value for each screen pixel instead of color images that use 3 values to create color. This makes the z-buffer appear black-and-white because it is not storing color information.

  6. Normal mapping - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normal_mapping

    A normal pointing to right of the texture (1,0,0) is mapped to (255,128,128). Hence the right edge of an object is usually light red. A normal pointing to top of the texture (0,1,0) is mapped to (128,255,128). Hence the top edge of an object is usually light green. A normal pointing to left of the texture (-1,0,0) is mapped to (0,128,128).

  7. Texel (graphics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texel_(graphics)

    In computer graphics, a texel, texture element, or texture pixel is the fundamental unit of a texture map. [1] Textures are represented by arrays of texels representing the texture space, just as other images are represented by arrays of pixels. Texels can also be described by image regions that are obtained through simple procedures such as ...

  8. Texture filtering - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texture_filtering

    Mipmapping is a standard technique used to save some of the filtering work needed during texture minification. [2] It is also highly beneficial for cache coherency - without it the memory access pattern during sampling from distant textures will exhibit extremely poor locality, adversely affecting performance even if no filtering is performed.

  9. Gouraud shading - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gouraud_shading

    However, highly localized lighting effects (such as specular highlights, e.g. the glint of reflected light on the surface of an apple) will not be rendered correctly, and if a highlight lies in the middle of a polygon, but does not spread to the polygon's vertex, it will not be apparent in a Gouraud rendering; conversely, if a highlight occurs ...