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Pourbaix diagram of iron. [1] The Y axis corresponds to voltage potential. In electrochemistry, and more generally in solution chemistry, a Pourbaix diagram, also known as a potential/pH diagram, E H –pH diagram or a pE/pH diagram, is a plot of possible thermodynamically stable phases (i.e., at chemical equilibrium) of an aqueous electrochemical system.
Pourbaix diagram for copper in uncomplexed media (anions not other than OH - considered). Ion concentration 0.001 m (mol/kg water). Ion concentration 0.001 m (mol/kg water). Temperature 25°C.
Pourbaix diagram for copper in uncomplexed media (anions other than OH − not considered). Ion concentration 0.001 mol/kg water. Temperature 25 °C. Formation of copper(I) oxide is the basis of the Fehling's test and Benedict's test for reducing sugars. These sugars reduce an alkaline solution of a copper(II) salt, giving a bright red ...
Pourbaix diagram for copper in uncomplexed media (anions other than OH − not considered). Ion concentration 0.001 m (mol/kg water). Temperature 25 °C. Cu 2+ + 2 OH − → Cu(OH) 2. Aqueous ammonia results in the same precipitate. Upon adding excess ammonia, the precipitate dissolves, forming tetraamminecopper(II): Cu(H 2 O) 4 (OH)
Copper fittings for soldered plumbing joints A very large copper seal end cap. The major applications of copper are electrical wire (60%), roofing and plumbing (20%), and industrial machinery (15%). Copper is used mostly as a pure metal, but when greater hardness is required, it is put into such alloys as brass and bronze (5% of total use). [28]
The simplified entries in the reaction column can be read in detail from the Pourbaix diagrams of the considered element in water. Noble metals have large positive potentials; [24] elements not in this table have a negative standard potential or are not metals.
Marcel Pourbaix (16 September 1904 – 28 September 1998) was a Belgian chemist and pianist. [citation needed] He performed his most well known research at the University of Brussels, studying corrosion. [1] His biggest achievement is the derivation of potential-pH, better known as “Pourbaix Diagrams”.
The conditions necessary, but not sufficient, for passivation are recorded in Pourbaix diagrams. Some corrosion inhibitors help the formation of a passivation layer on the surface of the metals to which they are applied. Some compounds, dissolved in solutions (chromates, molybdates) form non-reactive and low solubility films on metal surfaces.