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Amateur radio contests on VHF and UHF are often scored based on the distance of contacts, typically 1 point per kilometre, [3] so there is a need for amateurs to exchange their locations over the air. To facilitate this, following the growth of the sport in the 1950s, the German QRA locator system was adopted in 1959. [2]
The QRA locator, also called QTH locator in some publications, is an obsolete geographic coordinate system used by amateur radio operators in Europe before the introduction of the Maidenhead Locator System. As a radio transmitter or receiver location system the QRA locator is considered defunct, but may be found in many older documents.
The Q-code is a standardised collection of three-letter codes that each start with the letter "Q". It is an operating signal initially developed for commercial radiotelegraph communication and later adopted by other radio services, especially amateur radio.
The book goes on to note that "Some of the definitions, however, appear to confuse audibility or signal strength with readability, which may be impaired even when signals are strong, by atmospherics, interference, a noisy receiver, etc.", and that because of this Amateurs supplemented the QSA system reports with a readability scale, called the ...
An amateur radio license is valid only in the country where it is issued or in another country that has a reciprocal licensing agreement with the issuing country. [41] [42] In some countries, an amateur radio license is necessary in order to purchase or possess amateur radio equipment. [43]
Meaning/Question QNA* This is a request from the Net Control Station for all respondents to answer in a prearranged sequence, as a congestion avoidance measure. QNB* This is a request from the Net Control Station for one station to relay traffic between 2 other stations who cannot read each other. QNC
QSK operation is a technical challenge: It requires very fast T/R RF switches at the high power and voltage side of the radio transceiver. Such switches must be controlled automatically by the telegraph key, and as such they must be rapid enough to be perceptually undetectable by the telegraph operator.
Morse code is called the original digital mode. Radio telegraphy, designed for machine-to-machine communication is the direct on / off keying of a continuous wave carrier by Morse code symbols, often called amplitude-shift keying or ASK, may be considered to be an amplitude modulated mode of communications, and is rightfully considered the first digital data mode.