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30,000 (2015) [ 4 ] Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a long-term autoimmune disorder that primarily affects joints. [ 1 ] It typically results in warm, swollen, and painful joints. [ 1 ] Pain and stiffness often worsen following rest. [ 1 ] Most commonly, the wrist and hands are involved, with the same joints typically involved on both sides of the ...
Caplan syndrome presents with cough and shortness of breath in conjunction with features of rheumatoid arthritis, such as painful joints and morning stiffness. Examination should reveal tender, swollen metacarpophalangeal joints and rheumatoid nodules; auscultation of the chest may reveal diffuse crackles that do not disappear on coughing or taking a deep breath.
A rheumatologist is a physician who specializes in the field of medical sub-specialty called rheumatology. A rheumatologist holds a board certification after specialized training. In the United States, training in this field requires four years undergraduate school, four years of medical school, and then three years of residency, followed by ...
ACR score is a scale to measure change in rheumatoid arthritis symptoms. [1] It is named after the American College of Rheumatology. The ACR score is more often used in clinical trials than in doctor patient-relationships, as it allows a common standard between researchers. Different degrees of improvement are referred to as ACR20, ACR50, ACR70 ...
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), formerly known as juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA), [1] is the most common chronic rheumatic disease of childhood, affecting approximately 3.8 to 400 out of 100,000 children. [3] Juvenile, in this context, refers to disease onset before 16 years of age, while idiopathic refers to a condition with no ...
Ankylosing spondylitis was distinguished from rheumatoid arthritis by Galen as early as the 2nd century AD. [59] Skeletal evidence of the disease (ossification of joints and entheses primarily of the axial skeleton, known as "bamboo spine") was thought to be found in the skeletal remains of a 5000-year-old Egyptian mummy with evidence of bamboo ...
Rheumatoid disease of the spine is a morbid consequence of untreated longstanding severe cervical spinal rheumatoid arthritis (RA)–an inflammatory autoimmune disease that attacks the ligaments, joints, and bones of the neck. Although the anterior subluxation of the atlantoaxial joint is the most common manifestation of the disorder ...
Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) comprise a category of otherwise unrelated disease-modifying drugs defined by their use in rheumatoid arthritis to slow down disease progression. [1][2] The term is often used in contrast to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (which refers to agents that treat the inflammation, but not the ...