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The Hebrew Bible describes a long period of time during which the Israelites (the ancient Semitic-speaking people from whom Jews originate [8]) settled in ancient Egypt, were enslaved, and were ultimately liberated by Moses, who led them out of Egypt to Canaan.
The legal prohibition against Jews owning Jewish slaves was emphasized in the Middle Ages [98] yet Jews continued to own Jewish slaves, and owners were able to bequeath Jewish slaves to the owner's children, but Jewish slaves were treated in many ways like members of the owner's family. [99] [obsolete source]
For Jews, the Passover celebrates the freedom of the Israelites from captivity in Egypt, the settling of Canaan by the Israelites, and the "passing over" of the angel of death during the death of the first-born. [100] [101] Passover involves a ritual meal called a Seder during which parts of the exodus narrative are retold. [102]
Some of the Jews sold into slavery later had their freedom bought by Jewish communities in Italy and Egypt, and the redeemed slaves were taken to Egypt. Some Jewish prisoners of war were also deported to Apulia in southern Italy. [101] [102] [103]
African slaves were transported in to Egypt via the slave trade from the Sudan. The baqt treaty was still famously functioning during this time period. However relations were worse under the Ayyubids which did start to affect the Baqt enforcement. The Trans-Saharan slave trade provided African slaves from the West.
The Muslim residents of Baghdad carried out a savage pogrom against their Jewish compatriots. In this pogrom, known by its Arabic name al-Farhud, about 200 Jews were murdered and thousands wounded, on June 1–2. Jewish property was plundered and many homes set ablaze. 1941
As many as 900,000 Jewish refugees fled or were violently expelled from Muslim-majority countries in the 20 th century (most in 1948 with the creation of the Jewish State) and 650,000 refugees ...
The redeemed slaves were subsequently brought to Egypt. Some Jewish prisoners of war were also deported by the Crusaders to Apulia in southern Italy. The Jewish communities of Jaffa and Ramleh were dispersed. However, Jewish communities in the Galilee were left unscathed. [145] [146] [147]