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The culture remembered by the earliest extant literature is that of the Zhou dynasty (c. 1046 – 256 BC), China's Axial Age, during which the Mandate of Heaven was introduced, and foundations laid for philosophies such as Confucianism, Taoism, Legalism, and Wuxing. China was first united under a single imperial state by Qin Shi Huang in 221 BC.
A key event of the era was the conquest of North China by the Shatuo Turks. During their rule, the Shatuo gave the vital Sixteen Prefectures area, containing the natural geographical defences of North China and the eastern section of the Great Wall, to the Khitan, another barbarian people. This effectively left Northern China defenceless ...
The name New China has been frequently applied to China by the Chinese Communist Party as a positive political and social term contrasting pre-1949 China (the establishment of the PRC) and the new name of the socialist state, Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó (in the older postal romanization, Chunghwa Jenmin Konghokuo), or the "People's ...
Construction began on the Great Wall of China. Chancellor Li Si standardized the Chinese writing system with the creation of Small Seal Script. 214 BC: The Lingqu Canal was built. 213 BC: Burning of books and burying of scholars: All copies of the Classic of Poetry, the Book of Documents and works of the Hundred Schools of Thought were ordered ...
By 1931 however, the effects of the Great Depression began to badly impact the Chinese economy, a problem compounded further by Japan's invasion and occupation of Manchuria in the same year. Consequently, China's overall GDP, dropped to 28.8 billion in 1932. A period of stagnation and decline followed with GDP falling to 21.3 billion by 1934 ...
The Sino-Dutch conflicts were a series of conflicts between the Ming dynasty (and later its rump successor the Southern Ming dynasty and the Ming loyalist Kingdom of Tungning) of China and the Dutch East India Company over trade and land throughout the 1620s, 1630s, and 1662.
The Great Wall of China: while segments of earlier rammed earth walls were first unified by the Qin and Han dynasties, the vast majority of the brick and stone Great Wall is a product of the Ming. After the overthrow of the Yuan dynasty in 1368, Manchuria remained under control of the Northern Yuan based in Mongolia .
The state of Wei (443 BC – 225 BC) in the Zhou dynasty, when it was called Daliang. Later Liang dynasty during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, from AD 913 to 923. Later Jin dynasty during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, in AD 937. Later Han dynasty (AD 947–951) during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period.