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Most are non-infectious, although there are some non-communicable infectious diseases, such as parasitic diseases in which the parasite's life cycle does not include direct host-to-host transmission. The four main NCDs that are the leading causes of death globally are cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases, and diabetes.
Not all infectious agents cause disease in all hosts. For example, less than 5% of individuals infected with polio develop disease. [23] On the other hand, some infectious agents are highly virulent. The prion causing mad cow disease and Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease invariably kills all animals and people that are infected. [24]
A secondary disease is a disease that is a sequela or complication of a prior, causal disease, which is referred to as the primary disease or simply the underlying cause . For example, a bacterial infection can be primary, wherein a healthy person is exposed to bacteria and becomes infected, or it can be secondary to a primary cause, that ...
Genes have been identified that predispose disease and infection with nonpathogenic bacteria by a small number of persons. [3] Nonpathogenic Escherichia coli strains normally found in the gastrointestinal tract have the ability to stimulate the immune response in humans, though further studies are needed to determine clinical applications.
Articles about diseases and disorders which affect animals also. Pages in this category should be moved to subcategories where applicable. This category may require frequent maintenance to avoid becoming too large.
Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are all the other mycobacteria that can cause pulmonary disease resembling tuberculosis, lymphadenitis, skin disease, or disseminated disease. Although over 150 different species of NTM have been described, pulmonary infections are most commonly due to Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), Mycobacterium kansasii ...
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Examples include, rabies, yellow fever and pappataci fever. [7] The viruses that infect other vertebrates are related to those of humans and most families of viruses that cause human diseases are represented. [8] They are important pathogens of livestock and cause diseases such as foot-and-mouth disease and bluetongue. [9]