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In a scientific study, post hoc analysis (from Latin post hoc, "after this") consists of statistical analyses that were specified after the data were seen. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] They are usually used to uncover specific differences between three or more group means when an analysis of variance (ANOVA) test is significant. [ 3 ]
In early 1990s, one set of researchers made this statement about their decision to use Rodger's method: "We chose Rodger’s method because it is the most powerful post hoc method available for detecting true differences among groups.
Post hoc (sometimes written as post-hoc) is a Latin phrase, meaning "after this" or "after the event". Post hoc may refer to: Post hoc analysis or post hoc test, statistical analyses that were not specified before the data were seen; Post hoc theorizing, generating hypotheses based on data already observed
It is often shortened simply to post hoc fallacy. A logical fallacy of the questionable cause variety, it is subtly different from the fallacy cum hoc ergo propter hoc ('with this, therefore because of this'), in which two events occur simultaneously or the chronological ordering is insignificant or unknown. Post hoc is a logical fallacy in ...
When his pain got worse, he went to a doctor, after which the pain subsided a little. Therefore, he benefited from the doctor's treatment. The pain subsiding a little after it has gotten worse is more easily explained by regression toward the mean.
In behavioral psychology, the assumption of generality is the assumption that the results of experiments involving schedules of reinforcement, conducted on non-human subjects (often pigeons), can be generalized to apply to humans. [1] [2] [3] If the assumption holds, many aspects of daily human life can be understood in terms of these results ...
This fallacy is also known by the Latin phrase cum hoc ergo propter hoc ('with this, therefore because of this'). This differs from the fallacy known as post hoc ergo propter hoc ("after this, therefore because of this"), in which an event following another is seen as a necessary consequence of the former event, and from conflation , the errant ...
Post hoc alteration of data inclusion based on arbitrary or subjective reasons, including: Cherry picking , which actually is not selection bias, but confirmation bias , when specific subsets of data are chosen to support a conclusion (e.g. citing examples of plane crashes as evidence of airline flight being unsafe, while ignoring the far more ...