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The problem of neutrino mass hierarchy is related to the fact that present experimental data on neutrino oscillations allow two possible classes of solutions. [1] In the first class, called Normal Hierarchy (NH) or Normal Ordering (NO), the two lightest mass eigenstates have a small mass difference, of the order of 10 meV, while the third ...
Neutrinos are emitted and absorbed in weak processes in flavor eigenstates [a] but travel as mass eigenstates. [18] As a neutrino superposition propagates through space, the quantum mechanical phases of the three neutrino mass states advance at slightly different rates, due to the slight differences in their respective masses. This results in a ...
More formally, neutrino flavor eigenstates (creation and annihilation combinations) are not the same as the neutrino mass eigenstates (simply labeled "1", "2", and "3"). As of 2024, it is not known which of these three is the heaviest. The neutrino mass hierarchy consists of two possible configurations. In analogy with the mass hierarchy of the ...
Correspondingly, the mass eigenstates and eigenvalues of change, which means that the neutrinos in matter now have a different effective mass than they did in vacuum: ,,. Since neutrino oscillations depend upon the squared mass difference of the neutrinos, neutrino oscillations experience different dynamics than they did in vacuum.
The vector on the left represents a generic neutrino expressed in the flavor-eigenstate basis, and on the right is the PMNS matrix multiplied by a vector representing that same neutrino in the mass-eigenstate basis. A neutrino of a given flavor is thus a "mixed" state of neutrinos with distinct mass: If one could measure directly that neutrino ...
A distinction can thus be made between, for example, the mass and interaction eigenstates of the neutrino. The former is the state that propagates in free space, whereas the latter is the different state that participates in interactions. Which is the "fundamental" particle? For the neutrino, it is conventional to define the "flavor" (ν e, ν ...
Neutrino mixing angles (PMNS matrix), describing the mixing between the mass and flavour eigenstates of neutrinos, which explains neutrino oscillations; Quark mixing angles including the Cabbibo angle , describing the mixing between the mass and flavour eigenstates of quarks
where is the right-handed singlet neutrino field, and the CKM matrix determines the mixing between mass and weak eigenstates of the quarks. [ d ] L H {\displaystyle {\mathcal {L}}_{\mathrm {H} }} contains the Higgs three-point and four-point self interaction terms,