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The Highwater experiment sought to determine the effect of a large volume of water suddenly released into the ionosphere. [1] [2] [3] The project answered questions about the effect of the diffusion of propellants in the event that a rocket was destroyed at high altitude. [4] The first flight, SA-2, took place on April 25, 1962.
When rockets are launched into space, parts of their fuel enter the stratosphere of the Earth. Rocket fuel emissions are made up of carbon dioxide, water, hydrochloric acid, alumina and soot particles. The most concerning emissions from rocket fuel are chlorine and alumina particles from solid rocket motors (SRMs) and soot from kerosene fueled ...
While this does not remove the debris of the now derelict rocket stage or satellite itself, it does substantially reduce the likelihood of the spacecraft destructing and creating many smaller pieces of space debris, a phenomenon that was common in many of the early generations of US and Soviet [74] spacecraft.
Space debris from rocket bodies orbiting Earth is posing an increased threat to aircraft while falling from space, according to new research. While the probability of space junk striking an ...
There are 1 million pieces of space junk orbiting Earth right now.
The astronauts aboard the Boeing Starliner could remain in space for several months – but many wonder if they have enough food and water to survive that long.. During a recent interview with the ...
In rare cases, marine pollution could be caused by spillage of the highly toxic rocket propellant hydrazine. [12] Other forms of space debris removal are being considered and produced to slow the exponential growth of space debris orbiting Earth due to increased space exploration. [12] [15]
A significant event related to the Kessler Syndrome occurred on August 9, 2024, when a Chinese Long March 6A rocket broke apart in low-Earth orbit, creating a cloud of hundreds of debris fragments. The US Space Command confirmed this breakup, and it has been tracked by multiple space debris-tracking organizations.