Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
The axiom of extensionality, [1] [2] also called the axiom of extent, [3] [4] is an axiom used in many forms of axiomatic set theory, such as Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory. [5] [6] The axiom defines what a set is. [1] Informally, the axiom means that the two sets A and B are equal if and only if A and B have the same members.
Although musical set theory is often thought to involve the application of mathematical set theory to music, there are numerous differences between the methods and terminology of the two. For example, musicians use the terms transposition and inversion where mathematicians would use translation and reflection .
In set theory, the axiom of extensionality states that two sets are equal if and only if they contain the same elements. In mathematics formalized in set theory, it is common to identify relations—and, most importantly, functions —with their extension as stated above, so that it is impossible for two relations or functions with the same ...
A set (pitch set, pitch-class set, set class, set form, set genus, pitch collection) in music theory, as in mathematics and general parlance, is a collection of objects. In musical contexts the term is traditionally applied most often to collections of pitches or pitch-classes , but theorists have extended its use to other types of musical ...
In music theory, the spiral array model is an extended type of pitch space. A mathematical model involving concentric helices (an "array of spirals"), it represents human perceptions of pitches, chords, and keys in the same geometric space. It was proposed in 2000 by Elaine Chew in her MIT doctoral thesis Toward a Mathematical Model of Tonality ...
Pitch class set theory, however, has adhered to formal definitions of equivalence." [ 1 ] Traditionally, octave equivalency is assumed, while inversional , permutational , and transpositional equivalency may or may not be considered ( sequences and modulations are techniques of the common practice period which are based on transpositional ...
Indeed, Zermelo set theory (Z) already can interpret second-order arithmetic and much of type theory in finite types, which in turn are sufficient to formalize the bulk of mathematics. Although the axiom schema of replacement is a standard axiom in set theory today, it is often omitted from systems of type theory and foundation systems in topos ...
In the foundations of mathematics, von Neumann–Bernays–Gödel set theory (NBG) is an axiomatic set theory that is a conservative extension of Zermelo–Fraenkel–choice set theory (ZFC). NBG introduces the notion of class , which is a collection of sets defined by a formula whose quantifiers range only over sets.