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The Heian period (平安時代, Heian jidai) is the last division of classical Japanese history, running from 794 to 1185. [1] It followed the Nara period, beginning when the 50th emperor, Emperor Kammu, moved the capital of Japan to Heian-kyō (modern Kyoto). Heian (平安) means ' peace ' in Japanese.
The Nara period (奈良時代, Nara jidai) of the history of Japan covers the years from 710 to 794. [1] Empress Genmei established the capital of Heijō-kyō (present-day Nara ).
In Japan, ritsuryō was in effect during the late Asuka period, the Nara period and the early Heian period. The Taihō-ritsuryō (大宝律令, Code of Taihō) was a key element of the ritsuryō. rōjū (老中) – one of the highest-ranking government posts in the Tokugawa shogunate. There were usually four or five rōjū.
The Yōrō Code (養老律令, Yōrō-ritsuryō) was one iteration of several codes or governing rules compiled in early Nara period in Classical Japan.It was compiled in 718, the second year of the Yōrō regnal era by Fujiwara no Fuhito et al., but not promulgated until 757 under the regime of Fujiwara no Nakamaro under Empress Kōken.
In the Nara period (710–794), the title of Daijō-daijin was basically a posthumous promotion. After the appointment of Fujiwara Yoshifusa in 857 of the Heian period (794–1185), it became an almost permanent position, although not legally permanent, and many members of the Fujiwara clan were appointed to the position. [ 4 ]
The Imperial court hierarchy during the Asuka, Nara and Heian periods encompassed a Ministry of the Imperial Household (宮内省,, Kunai-shō). [5] The origin of the current Imperial Household Agency can be traced back to the provisions on the government structure which were put into effect during the reign of Emperor Monmu. [6]
By the mid-Nara period (ca. 750) Japanese paintings showed influences of the Chinese Tang dynasty (618–907) and in the 9th century early Heian period evolved into the Kara-e genre. Wall murals in the Takamatsuzuka Tomb , the Kitora Tomb and the Portrait of Kichijōten at Yakushi-ji exemplify the Kara-e style.
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